Hubert Schiffer
Father Hubert Friedrich Heinrich Schiffer, was a German Jesuit who survived the atomic bomb "Little Boy" dropped on Hiroshima.
Life
Early life
Hubert Friedrich Heinrich Schiffer was born in Gütersloh, Westphalia, on 15 July 1915. He was the son of Fritz Schiffer, an accountant, and his wife Anna.Schiffer was educated at the Prinz-Georg Gymnasium, Gymnasium der Weißen Väter, and the Hohenzollern-Gymnasium in Düsseldorf.
Becoming a Jesuit
In 1934, Schiffer entered the Jesuit order in 's-Heerenberg in the Netherlands, where the German Jesuits had settled after their expulsion was caused by the Kulturkampf of Bismarck and the Jesuit Law.In 1935, Schiffer was sent to Japan, where he studied Japanese and philosophy in Tokyo. He studied for the priesthood at St. Miki College before being ordained in 1943 by Bishop Johannes Ross of the Hiroshima diocese. Schiffer learned to speak both Japanese and English while in Tokyo.
Schiffer acted as an interpreter for the Chinese bishop Tschao and for the French missionaries there. After this, he studied theology in Shanghai before returning to Japan.
Schiffer was an assistant in a parish church in July of 1945 at Hiroshima.
Hiroshima bombing
Schiffer was one of several Jesuit priests who were at their mission compound, less than from ground zero when the explosion occurred.;Jesuits and their location
Many retellings of the event state there were eight Jesuit priests, who were eight blocks from ground zero. John Hersey, in his contemporary 1946 account Hiroshima, lists four Jesuit priests and places them "from the center." Schiffer himself states there were four Jesuit priests — "Father Hugo Lassalle, Superior of the whole Jesuit Mission in Japan, and Fathers Kleinsorge, Cieslik, and Schiffer" — and describes his own location as "within the most deadly one-mile radius." Schiffer also notes the name of their church — "the Jesuit Church of Our Lady's Assumption."
;Explosion
According to the 1946 account of Jesuit priest Father John Siemes, who had been on the outskirts of the city:
Schiffer's own account describes the explosion:
;Survivors
All four Jesuit priests survived the explosion. Quoted in 1950, Schiffer said, "Of 14 clergy and laymen we lost only one, a Japanese." The Jesuits were in a building stronger than most surrounding buildings, as noted by Hersey and Siemes, respectively:
They were not the only survivors close to ground zero; an estimated 14% of people within of ground zero survived the explosion. Other survivors included ten people in a streetcar from ground zero, and a woman in a bank away from the blast. One person survived at a distance of just, protected in the basement of a building while looking for documents.
;Religious aspects
The survival of the priests has sometimes been referred to as a miracle. In 1951, Schiffer said:
Similarities with Nagasaki are sometimes highlighted, where a Franciscan friary established by St. Maximilian Kolbe was "unaffected by the bomb which fell there", as "the friary was protected from the force of the bomb by an intervening mountain".
Later life
Schiffer met both the pilot and co-pilot of the B-29 that bombed Hiroshima, the Enola Gay. In New York City in 1951, Schiffer met co-pilot Robert A. Lewis. Schiffer invited Lewis to visit Hiroshima in August 1952 for the dedication of a "palace of prayer", which Lewis accepted; however, there is no record of Lewis actually making such a visit. The two also appeared together at Fordham University in 1957, on the twelfth anniversary of the bombing, with Schiffer noting that they had become "very fast friends." Schiffer later met pilot Paul Tibbets in Dallas in 1975.Schiffer, who had received a bachelor's degree in Japan, received a master's degree from Fordham University in 1952, and a doctorate there in 1958. In the 1960s, Schiffer worked as an associate professor of economics at St. Joseph's College in Philadelphia, and wrote a book on the Japanese banking system.
Schiffer died in the city of Frankfurt, then part of West Germany, on March 27, 1982.