Huayi yiyu
The Huáyí yìyǔ refers to a series of vocabularies produced by Ming and Qing dynasty Chinese administration for the study of foreign languages. They are a precious source of phonological information, both for the study of Chinese pronunciation and for the study of the languages in question.
Categorization
The relevant works of the huáyí yìyǔ fall into four categories:- A Sino-Mongolian vocabulary compiled by Huo Yuanjie.
- Vocabularies that were compiled and re-edited in the Siyiguan.
- Vocabularies prepared by the Huitongguan.
- Qing dynasty vocabularies.
Languages covered in the Siyiguan
The languages covered by works in the second class include:- 韃靼 Mongolian
- 女直 Jurchen
- 西番 “Western Barbarians”
- 西天 "India"
- 回回 Early New Persian,
- 高昌 Uighur
- 百夷 Daic languages
- 緬甸 Burmese
- 八百 Babai
- 暹羅 Siamese
Languages covered in the Huitongguan
The languages covered by works in the third class covered:- 朝鮮 Korean
- 琉球 Ryukyuan
- 日本 Japanese
- 安南 Vietnamese
- 暹羅 Siamese
- 韃靼 Khitan
- 畏兀兒/委兀兒 Uighur
- 滿剌加 Malaccan Malay
- 占城 Champa of southern Vietnam
- 西番 Khams Tibetan
- 回回 Persian
- 女直 Jurchen
- 百夷 Bai