Homestead–Miami Speedway
Homestead–Miami Speedway is a oval-shaped intermediate speedway in Homestead, Florida. It has hosted various major auto racing series throughout its existence, including NASCAR, IndyCar, and FIA GT Championship. The facility has a capacity of 43,000 as of 2019. Along with the main oval track, the facility features a road course layout that uses parts of the oval along with a specially designed infield road course. Homestead–Miami Speedway is owned by the city of Homestead, operated by NASCAR, and led by track president Guillermo Santa Cruz.
Seeking a permanent venue for the Grand Prix of Miami, auto racing promoter Ralph Sanchez initiated plans to build a complex in 1991. After numerous failed proposals, the city of Homestead, recovering from the effects of Hurricane Andrew, was able to woo Sanchez into building the permanent complex within the city and was completed by 1995. In the following four years, the city of Homestead and Sanchez made numerous accommodations to then-NASCAR president Bill France Jr. to gain a NASCAR Cup Series race weekend, including the reconfiguration of the track from a rectangle to an oval-shaped track in 1997. In the 2000s, numerous renovations were made to the track, including a second reconfiguration, the installation of SAFER barriers and lights, and other amenities.
Description
Configuration
The complex's oval layout in its current form is measured at, with a progressive system of banking of 18–20° in the turns and 4° of banking on the track's straights. The complex also features a, 11-turn "roval" layout that uses parts of the oval along with a specially designed infield road course. From 1997–2003, the oval layout featured a banking of 6° in the turns and 3° in the straights.When the complex was first built, it featured a rectangle-shaped layout similar in shape to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway alongside a, 13-turn road course layout that utilized parts of the rectangle along with specially designed parts of the track that were contained within the track's infield. The rectangle's layout distance was disputed by sanctioning bodies; NASCAR used a length of, and Championship Auto Racing Teams used a length of.
Amenities
Homestead–Miami Speedway is served by U.S. Route 1 and Florida State Road 821, and covers approximately according to the Miami Herald. As of 2019, the facility has a capacity of 43,000 according to Forbes. Within the track's infield is a deep, by lake that is occasionally used for fishing tournaments along with a, two-story media center that was constructed in 2008. The facility also features an art deco aesthetic made by Day One that combines "aqua blue, tan, and purple" according to Yahoo Sports' Jay Busbee.Track history
Planning and construction
Failed Munisport proposal
On March 27, 1991, the Miami Herald made public that Grand Prix of Miami promoter Ralph Sanchez sought to build a permanent racing facility in Miami-Dade County, Florida, submitting a bill through the Florida Legislature that proposed that a local tourist tax would expand to let the tax be used to fund motorsports facilities. According to the Herald, he asked for up to $20 million in tax money to build the facility. The bill had passed earlier in the Florida House of Representatives on the 21st. Sanchez wanted to seek out a permanent facility for the Grand Prix of Miami, which had been run as a street course on city streets. Three days after the initial report, the Herald reported that Sanchez was considering a location at Amelia Earhart Park; the plan faced heavy opposition from nearby residents. The bill later passed the Florida Senate in May of that year. In December, Florida legislators voted over a budget proposal of $48.5 million to various sports and events in the Miami area; within the proposal was a plan to give $9 million to Sanchez to build the permanent facility. Sanchez wanted as much as $25 million, but local government leaders cut the amount down. The proposal was approved on the 19th; with the $9 million, Sanchez stated that he aimed to use the money to improve amenities on the street course.By May 1992, Sanchez began considering a proposal to build a racetrack on the Munisport landfill in North Miami, proposing to build the track in two phases. A noise test for nearby residents was conducted the following month, with the proposal receiving mixed, highly polarizing reactions from residents who either supported or opposed the facility. The North Miami City Council approved the proposal on June 26, with Sanchez later stating hopes to host CART IndyCar World Series races. In response, a group of approximately 90 people who opposed the project was formed: the Citizens for the Public Use of Munisport. The group argued that the land was designated to be used as public land according to a referendum voted on by local citizens more than 20 years before the approval. Opposition towards the proposal grew heavily by September, with multiple cities stating their opposition to the project. On October 18, the Herald reported that the Munisport proposal was officially dead, with Sanchez stating to the Herald, "with the opposition mounting in North Miami, we were feeling a little unwanted."
Homestead proposal, construction
On October 4, in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew and in midst of the confirmation of the sale of the Villages of Homestead real estate project, Homestead City Manager Alex Muxo stated his hopes to woo Sanchez into building his motorsports complex in Homestead. 11 days later, Muxo stated in a press conference that Sanchez had agreed to build the complex east of the Homestead Sports Complex, with the Metro-Dade Finance Committee promising $11 million for the project. The committee's investment was approved in November, with Sanchez stating that with the approval, "we can start to build almost right away." Another $1.7 million investment was given by the Homestead City Council in February 1993. However, three months later, the project was put into jeopardy when a real estate deal was delayed when Homestead Properties, the owner of approximately of prospective land the city of Homestead looked to buy, was sued for alleged misuse of insurance funds. In addition, Sanchez stated in July that "soil conditions and flood criteria requirements" as potential causes for a possible delay.On July 27, 1993, the Metro-Dade Commission approved the use of $20 million in hotel taxes to invest into the facility, more than half of the budget Sanchez needed for the project; with the approval, Sanchez acquired a total of $20 million for the project. By this point, plans for the facility included 9,000 permanent seats and restaurants. In August, plans for the complex were officially unveiled: the complex planned to include two oval tracks and the original road course, with Sanchez hoping to host IndyCar, IMSA, Trans-Am Series, Formula One, and NASCAR races at the facility.
Groundbreaking occurred within the month on the 24th, with NASCAR president Bill France Jr. appearing as a dignitary. Eight days later, construction was halted after numerous environmental groups and agencies pressured Muxo and the city of Homestead to stop clearing land over concerns of a lack of environmental permits. As a result, the $20 million promised by the Metro-Dade Commission was temporarily blocked and the initial announced opening of November 1994 was delayed. On February 24, 1994, Sanchez stated in The Palm Beach Post that he hoped construction would resume the following week; however, new complaints from the Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service arose the following month. In May, construction resumed on the complex after the city of Homestead was able to obtain all the permits needed to resume construction, ending an eight-month delay. Two months later, the projected cost for the project increased by approximately $6 million, leading developers to "temporarily" scale back the project by removing grandstands for the track's first race. The track's first confirmed event was announced in September, with a race weekend highlighted by a NASCAR Busch Series race scheduled to christen the track from November 3–5, 1995.
Financial troubles continued throughout the end of 1994 and the beginning of 1995. In October, the city of Homestead began to consider selling bonds to finance construction, drafting a sale in December. County oversight was also sought to be greatly increased by November, with the budget for the project approaching $50 million. By April 1995, track developers still owed approximately $11 million to various contractors, with Homestead mayor Ted DeMilly stating in the Miami Herald that "not only don't we have a lot of money, but we have a real time crunch." The following month, businessman Wayne Huizenga offered a $20 million loan to cover the track's remaining deficits in exchange for a minority ownership of the complex. By July, the project's cost increased to an expected $58 million; however, despite the increased costs, the Dade County commission received criticism for not providing bond issues to help fund the track. By the end of the track's initial construction, plans for the track included 65,000 total seats, 70 condominiums, and an oval track layout similar to the layout of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, with a final projected cost of $59 million.
First years, oval reconfiguration
The first tire tests on the facility were conducted by Busch Series driver Chad Little on August 9, 1995, with Little praising the track's oval layout. Multi-car tests were run two months later; although consistent praise for the track's oval layout was given, numerous drivers crashed during the session, including one that injured driver Mike Harmon with a fractured left leg. The first race run at the facility on November 4, with Dexter Canipe winning a NASCAR Goody's Dash Series race. The track's first highlight race occurred the following day, with a crowd of 65,000 watching Dale Jarrett win a Busch Series race. After the weekend, the track's surface drew criticism from numerous Busch Series drivers for being too slippery outside of the regular racing line; in response to the criticism, Sanchez pledged to fix the issue by placing down polymer on the track's surface. On March 3, 1996, the complex held its first open-wheel race at the facility, with Jimmy Vasser winning a Championship Auto Racing Teams event.After the facility's first CART race weekend, track developers announced the repaving of all four corners due to concerns of a lack of passing, with the corners being widened. The repaving was completed by September of that year; the new track surface drew concerns over the track being too fast for open-wheel racing. After a Busch Series race in November, the track still received criticism by drivers and reporters for a lack of passing. At the same time, Sanchez began initiating plans to obtain a NASCAR Winston Cup Series date. According to The Tampa Tribune, $17 million worth of renovations were made to the facility in 1996, which focused on adding bathrooms, hospitality centers, and television screens. The following year, Sanchez announced plans in March to reconfigure the rectangle track into an oval-shaped track at a cost of $8 million, with Sanchez stating that if they did not reconfigure the track, "there is no chance we'll get a Winston Cup race." That same month, the facility oversaw its first fatality when NASCAR driver John Nemechek suffered brain injuries from a crash during a NASCAR Truck Series race. Construction on the reconfiguration started on March 24 and was completed by November for the track's annual Busch Series race.