Henri Pourrat


Henri Pourrat was a French writer and folklore collector.

Biography

Pourrat was born in 1887 in Ambert, a town in the mountainous Auvergne region of central France. Born to an Ambert shop-owner, he finished secondary school in 1904 and went to Paris the following year, to prepare for a career in agronomy at the national School of Forestry in Nancy. However, he contracted tuberculosis almost immediately and had to return home, to be long confined to bed in stillness and silence. When sufficiently recovered, he began walking daily, in every weather, the hills and villages around Ambert.
In 1906-1909 Pourrat published locally, under various pseudonyms, extravagant stories in collaboration with his close friend Jean Angeli and others. He also wrote poetry and articles on the local dialect or on notable figures of the region. In 1911 he began collecting and publishing folktales and songs, partly under the guidance of the French ethnographer Arnold van Gennep. However, this association did not last. The two differed too greatly in their approach. Unlike van Gennep, Pourrat could not bear to publish tales precisely as received from the teller, flaws and all.
World War I broke out in July 1914, and the young men of the region were soon gone. Unable to join them, Pourrat felt rejected and humiliated. Angeli’s death in action plunged him into “black anguish.” He could only write articles and songs in support of the soldiers from Auvergne. The Ambert region lost 2,500 men out of a total population of about 60,000, and among his age group Pourrat almost alone survived. He also survived the Spanish flu, with which he was bedridden in November 1918. Three months earlier, an accident had killed one younger brother, and the other died in 1923 of injuries suffered as a prisoner of war.
In 1926 Pourrat was at last declared fully healed. An ardent Catholic devoted to the peasantry of his region, he became a vocal champion of the land. World War I had only accelerated the decline of the countryside, and in various ways Pourrat urged a return to the soil. After the French defeat in 1940, the government of Vichy France adopted this stance—one shared by many Catholic conservatives—as official policy. Pourrat’s eloquent and very public support of it and of the régime caused him trouble late in the war and beyond, when association with Vichy endangered many. However, the difficulty passed.
Thereafter Pourrat turned above all to what he considered his life-work: Le Trésor des Contes, a collection of over 1,000 folktales gathered over the decades from the region around Ambert. He meant it as a compendium of the Auvergne peasant memory. The complete collection first appeared in thirteen volumes ; then in a seven-volume, thematically reorganized edition ; and finally in two compact volumes.

Literary career

Pourrat published some 100 works, from Sur la colline ronde to Histoire des gens dans les montagnes du Centre. More appeared posthumously. Novels, essays, historical studies, folktales, and, in his later years, works of Catholic devotion flowed from his pen. In 1928 he received the Legion of Honor and an honorary doctorate from Trinity College Dublin.
Pourrat achieved national literary prominence with Les vaillances, farces et aventures de Gaspard des montagnes, a four-volume novel woven from folktales collected by him, and presented as though told evening after evening by a single old woman teller. In 1921 the first volume won the literary prize given by a major Paris daily, and in 1931 the Académie Française awarded the complete work its Grand Prix du Roman. Pourrat called it “a sort of epic novel of Auvergne a hundred years ago, based on tradition.” In all, Pourrat received five prizes from the Academy, the last being the Prix Gustave Le Métais-Larivière for the ensemble of his work. In 1941 another major prize, the venerable Prix Goncourt, honored Vent de mars, a volume of essays and reflections on the plight of the French peasantry.
Pourrat befriended and corresponded with many distinguished literary figures, among them Francis Jammes, Alexandre Vialatte, Lucien Gachon, Jean Paulhan, Jean Giono, Claude Dravaine, Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, and Valery Larbaud. Some of this voluminous correspondence has been published, most prominently that with Vialatte and with Paulhan.

Representative works

Initial publication year shown. Many have later editions.Sur la colline ronde, with Jean l'Olagne Les vaillances, farces et aventures de Gaspard des montagnes Les jardins sauvages Le mauvais garçon Dans l'herbe des trois vallées Ceux d'Auvergne La ligne verte Les sorciers du canton Monts et merveilles Toucher terre Le Secret des Compagnons La Porte du verger Georges ou les journées d'Avril L'Homme à la bêche Vent de mars Le Chef français Sully et sa grande passion Le Blé de Noël La Maison-Dieu La Bienheureuse Passion Histoire fidèle de la bête en Gévaudan Le Trésor des contes L'école buissonnière Le chasseur de la nuit Les Saints de France L'Exorciste
  • ''Histoire des gens dans les montagnes du Centre''

Translations

  • Mary Mian, A Treasury of French Tales, Houghton Mifflin, 1954.
  • Royall Tyler, French Folktales, Pantheon, 1989.
  • Royall Tyler, Henri Pourrat and Le Trésor des Contes, Blue-Tongue Books, 2020.

Legacy

  • In 1974-1975 Pourrat’s son and daughter founded the Centre Henri Pourrat in Clermont-Ferrand by donating to the city’s municipal and interuniversity library their father’s manuscripts, note files, correspondence, and personal library.
  • The film Gaspard des montagnes, directed by Claude Santelli, was released in 1968.
  • The film Chasseur de la nuit, directed by Jacques Santamaria, was released in 1993.
  • The Société des amis d'Henri Pourrat, founded in 1982, is dedicated to promoting knowledge and academic study of Pourrat’s work.