Henri Gillard
Henri Gillard, also known as Father Gillard, the abbé Gillard or as le recteur de Tréhorenteuc, was a Breton priest attached to the Église Saint-Onenne in Tréhorenteuc from 1942 to 1962. As soon as he arrived, he had this small communal church in the department of Morbihan restored, decorating it with paintings that mixed the wonders of Celtic legend with the Christian faith, through the symbolism of the Holy Grail. He popularized the Arthurian legend through his numerous works and the guided tours of the nearby Val sans retour which he organised. During his years of ministry he guided visitors and lodged them in the church. His efforts energized the commune of Tréhorenteuc, at that time suffering a major rural exodus, to make it a popular tourist destination. Disavowed and ejected from his post by the Catholic hierarchy in 1962, Father Gillard was finally rehabilitated after his death in 1979, and buried in the church of Tréhorenteuc. A statue of him has been erected and an association has been formed to defend his works and his heritage.
Life
Henri Gillard was born in Guégon, Morbihan, on 30 November 1901 at the manor of Trénaleuc. His ancestors had been farmers for several generations. He studied at Ploërmel and then at the major seminary of Vannes, before being ordained a priest on 20 December 1924 at the age of 23. First a college professor, he became a curate at Plumelec, then was appointed to Crédin where his superiors already did not appreciate his originality. He was mobilized for the Second World War in 1940 and returned to Crédin after the Fall of France. During the German occupation, he took refuge in his reading.In March 1942 he arrived at Tréhorenteuc as the new rector of the parish. Because of his original and unconventional ideas, the diocese of Vannes probably wished to sideline him in this isolated rural village, accessible only by dirt roads, whose church was falling into ruins. Tréhorenteuc, affected by rural flight, was said to be the chamber pot of the diocese. Father Gillard sympathized with the poor farmers of the commune, shared their life, and became their parish clerk. With the 150 inhabitants of Tréhorenteuc, he discerned the potential of the legends of Brocéliande and the nearby Val sans retour. In redecorating the church of Tréhorenteuc he drew on themes from different traditions, Celtic, Christian, and esoteric. The artworks he commissioned include two wooden statues of Saints Onenne and Judicaël by the sculptor Edmond Delphaut, a series of stained-glass windows by Henry Uzureau illustrating the life of St Onenne, a series of paintings, altarpieces and other fittings by Karl Rezabeck and Peter Wisdorff, and a mosaic of the white hart of Brocéliande, symbolizing Christ, by Jean Delpech. Many of these artworks depict Arthurian subjects, including the Holy Grail. The Grail appears in the east window with Joseph of Arimathea and Christ, and it manifests itself to King Arthur and his knights in a painting above the sacristy door. Morgan le Fay figures in one of a series of paintings on the Stations of the Cross, notable for setting the story in local Breton scenes.
Gillard was putting himself in tune with the new socio-economic practices of his time, responding to the demands of tourism which had resulted from the arrival of paid holidays and the progress of the automobile. The first tours were created in the post-war years: coaches went on Sundays from Rennes to Tréhorenteuc, where Father Gillard was responsible for showing people around the Val sans retour. He presented the symbolic and religious aspects of the place, and did not hesitate to accommodate visitors in his restored church, like a youth hostel. Henri Gillard appeared on television and radio, presenting the locations of the Arthurian legend. From 1943 he had small tour guides published by Éditions du Val. He associated with Breton intellectuals like Xavier de Langlais and Jean Markale. His great communication skills and his personality raised the profile of this village, which gradually attracted visitors from all over France. In the context of a declining agricultural economy his action allowed the municipality to find some tourist income. His church became more a cultural centre than a place of worship, "for lack of inhabitants".
In 1962 his ideas attracted the attention of the diocesan authorities. The church hierarchy, shocked by his actions and the way he mixed Christianity with pagan themes, moved him and prevented him from accessing the Sainte-Onenne church. His last years were spent in a retirement home for clergy in Sainte-Anne-d'Auray, but he was still able to visit Tréhorenteuc thanks to the hospitality of Father Rouxel of the nearby village of Néant-sur-Yvel, and to meet admirers and enthusiasts. It was not until his death in July 1979 that the diocese of Vannes officially rehabilitated him, and allowed him to be buried in his church.