Heinrich von Zügel


Heinrich Johann von Zügel was a German painter who specialized in pictures of farm and domestic animals, often posed with a human in a dramatic or humorous situation.

Life

Beginning in 1867, Zügel was a student at the art school in Stuttgart under Bernhard von Neher and Heinrich von Rustige, where he studied animal and genre painting. Two years later, he transferred to the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, but was not inspired by the teaching methods of Karl von Piloty and decided to work independently. Afterwards, he spent some time in Vienna and finally settled in Munich. Anton Braith became an important mentor for him there.
In the early 1880s, he was attracted to the rural scenery in the Dachau District and began to paint outdoors, placing his subjects in a broader landscape setting. Studies undertaken along the Dutch and Belgian coastline in the early 1890s confirmed his attraction to Impressionism, which he had encountered at exhibitions in Paris. From that point on, atmospheric reflections and the play of light and shadow were his primary concerns, while details were subordinated. This led him to become one of the founding members of the Munich Secession.
He spent over forty years on a theme he called "Heavy Work" and produced over 24 canvases, which give a detailed picture of his artistic development. He continued to paint in a light, impressionistic style until he was in his eighties.
In 1895, he became a Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, a position he retained until his retirement in 1922. During this time he established a master class in animal painting that shaped a generation of German artists. Among his most notable pupils were Willy Tiedjen, later recognized for his rural scenes and depictions of animals; Christian Schad, who became associated with New Objectivity; Maximilian Liebenwein, a representative of Jugendstil; and Wilhelm Stumpf. One of his last Meisterschüler was Heinz Theis. Zügel's student Hermann Ebers recalled their training in his memoir "Aus meiner Studienzeit", describing the demanding studio environment and Zügel’s emphasis on light and atmosphere in animal painting.
In Wörth am Rhein, there is a Memorial Gallery dedicated to his works at the Old City Hall. He spent many summers there, on vacation or with his students. The city benefitted greatly from the modelling fees and the rentals he paid to use their animals, as well as the money his students spent on food and lodging. His works are also on display at the National Gallery (Berlin).

Major works

  • "Das Ochsengespann", "Self-portrait" and "View of Murrhardt""
  • "Die vor dem Gewitter flüchtende Herde"
  • "Schafe im Erlenhain"
  • "Ochsen am Pflug"
  • "Frühlingssonne und Herbstsonne"