Hardgainer
A hardgainer is a person who practices bodybuilding but finds it challenging to develop musculature regardless of the amount of effort put in. The opposite of a hardgainer is an easygainer.
Difficulty building muscle is often associated with the ectomorph body somatotype, however other common reasons also include a lack of proper nutrition, suitable physical activity level or not allowing enough recovery time for the stressed muscles to regain their previous state and then grow bigger.
For the true hardgainer, the issue lies deeper beneath any of the required elements of muscle gain listed above. Those are typically either diseases that affect muscles and/or protein synthesis, or there might be a genetic disorder that hinders protein synthesis and/or limits the maximum amount of muscles the body can hold to a relatively small amount for that person.
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, with or without the breakdown of nerve tissue.
Some metabolic diseases affect the normal metabolic processes in the body:
- Acid maltase deficiency
- Carnitine deficiency
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Debrancher Enzyme Deficiency
- Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Mitochondrial myopathy
- Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
- Glycogen storage disease type V
- Phosphofructokinase deficiency
- Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency