Haemaphysalis
Haemaphysalis is a genus of hard ticks. It is the second largest genus in the family Ixodidae, after Ixodes, and the largest genus of the Metastriata. Haemaphysalis ticks are found on all continents and across all major zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica, although most species are found in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions. Approximately 80% of the species are present in Asia and Africa, with significantly less species diversity in Europe and the Americas. Haemaphysalis species primarily parasitise birds and mammals.
Description
Haemaphysalis are very small, elliptical ticks. They are best distinguished by the significant lateral salience on palpal article II, which extends beyond the margin of the basis capitulum. They are eyeless, with short mouthparts.
Taxonomy
Haemaphysalis contains 170 species distributed across 8 subgenera although the phylogeny of the genus is unresolved, with most subgenera being polyphyletic. The former subgenera Alloceraea and Sharifiella have been recently elevated to full generic genus rank.
Species
Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton, 1913Haemaphysalis aciculifer Warburton, 1913Haemaphysalis aculeata Lavarra, 1904Haemaphysalis adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton, 1913Haemaphysalis anomaloceraea Teng, 1984 Haemaphysalis anoplos Hoogstraal, Uilenberg & Klein, 1967Haemaphysalis asiatica Haemaphysalis atheruri Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965Haemaphysalis bancrofti Nuttall & Warburton, 1915Haemaphysalis bandicota Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965Haemaphysalis bartelsi Schulze, 1938Haemaphysalis bequaerti Hoogstraal, 1956Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino, 1897Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis bochkovi Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019Haemaphysalis borneata Hoogstraal, 1971Haemaphysalis bremneri Roberts, 1963Haemaphysalis burkinae Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019Haemaphysalis calcarata Neumann, 1902Haemaphysalis calva Nuttall & Warburton, 1915Haemaphysalis camicasi Tomlinson & Apanaskevich, 2019Haemaphysalis campanulata Warburton, 1908Haemaphysalis canestrinii Haemaphysalis capricornis Hoogstraal, 1966Haemaphysalis caucasica Olenev, 1928Haemaphysalis celebensis Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965Haemaphysalis chordeilis Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844 Haemaphysalis colesbergensis Apanaskevich & Horak, 2008Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford, 1929Haemaphysalis cornigera Neumann, 1897 Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal & Varma, 1962Haemaphysalis cuspidata Warburton, 1910Haemaphysalis dangi Phan Trong, 1977Haemaphysalis danieli Černý & Hoogstraal, 1977Haemaphysalis darjeeling Hoogstraal & Dhanda, 1970Haemaphysalis davisi Hoogstraal, Dhanda & Bhat, 1970Haemaphysalis demidovae Emel'yanova, 1978Haemaphysalis doenitzi Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis elliptica Haemaphysalis elongata Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884Haemaphysalis eupleres Hoogstraal, Kohls & Trapido, 1965Haemaphysalis filippovae Bolotin, 1979 Haemaphysalis flava Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, 1913Haemaphysalis fossae Hoogstraal, 1953Haemaphysalis fujisana Kitaoka, 1970Haemaphysalis galidiae Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020Haemaphysalis garhwalensis Dhanda & Bhat, 1968Haemaphysalis mariae Apanaskevich, 2024Haemaphysalis goral Hoogstraal, 1970Haemaphysalis grochovskajae Kolonin, 1992Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze, 1939Haemaphysalis hirsuta Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1966Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938Haemaphysalis hoodi Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis hoogstraali Kohls, 1950Haemaphysalis horaki Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019Haemaphysalis houyi Nuttall & Warburton, 1915Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze, 1933Haemaphysalis hyracophila Hoogstraal, Walker & Neitz, 1971Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910Haemaphysalis indoflava Dhanda & Bhat, 1968Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis japonica Warburton, 1908Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946Haemaphysalis kadarsani Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1977Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal & Varma, 1962Haemaphysalis kinneari Warburton, 1913Haemaphysalis knobigera Prakasan & Ramani, 2007 Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica Kerbabaev, 1962Haemaphysalis kumaonensis Geevarghese & Mishra, 2011Haemaphysalis kutchensis Hoogstraal & Trapido, 1963Haemaphysalis kyasanurensis Trapido, Hoogstraal & Rajagopalan, 1964Haemaphysalis lagostrophi Roberts, 1963Haemaphysalis lagrangei Larrousse, 1925Haemaphysalis laocayensis Phan Trong, 1977Haemaphysalis leachi Haemaphysalis lemuris Hoogstraal, 1953Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Haemaphysalis lobachovi Kolonin, 1995Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901Haemaphysalis luzonensis Hoogstraal & Parrish, 1968Haemaphysalis madagascariensis Colas-Belcour & Millot, 1948Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito & Hoogstraal, 1973Haemaphysalis megalaimae Rajagopalan, 1963Haemaphysalis megaspinosa Saito, 1969Haemaphysalis menglaensis Pang, Chen & Xiang, 1982Haemaphysalis minuta Kohls, 1950Haemaphysalis mjoebergi Warburton, 1926Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall, 1912Haemaphysalis moreli Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1972Haemaphysalis moschisuga Teng, 1980Haemaphysalis muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954Haemaphysalis nadchatrami Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965Haemaphysalis nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962Haemaphysalis nesomys Hoogstraal, Uilenberg & Klein, 1966Haemaphysalis norvali Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1983Haemaphysalis novaeguineae Hirst, 1914Haemaphysalis obesa Larrousse, 1925Haemaphysalis obtusa Dönitz, 1910Haemaphysalis oliveri Apanaskevich & Horak, 2008Haemaphysalis orientalis Nuttall & Warburton, 1915Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1959Haemaphysalis palawanensis Kohls, 1950Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell, 1883Haemaphysalis paraleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1983Haemaphysalis paraturturis Hoogstraal, Trapido & Rebello, 1963Haemaphysalis parmata Neumann, 1905Haemaphysalis parva Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis pavlovskyi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935Haemaphysalis pedetes Hoogstraal, 1972Haemaphysalis pentalagi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935Haemaphysalis petrogalis Roberts, 1970Haemaphysalis phasiana Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1974 Haemaphysalis pospelovashtromae Hoogstraal, 1966Haemaphysalis princeps Tomlinson & Apanaskevich, 2019Haemaphysalis psalistos Hoogstraal, Kohls & Parrish, 1967Haemaphysalis punctaleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1973Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis Teng, 1980Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata Kolonin, 1992Haemaphysalis ramachandrai Dhanda, Hoogstraal & Bhat, 1970Haemaphysalis ratti Kohls, 1948Haemaphysalis renschi Schulze, 1933Haemaphysalis roubaudi Toumanoff, 1940Haemaphysalis rugosa Santos Dias, 1956Haemaphysalis rusae Kohls, 1950Haemaphysalis sambar Hoogstraal, 1971Haemaphysalis sciuri Kohls, 1950Haemaphysalis semermis Neumann, 1901Haemaphysalis shimoga Trapido & Hoogstraal, 1964 Haemaphysalis silacea Robinson, 1912Haemaphysalis silvafelis Hoogstraal & Trapido, 1963Haemaphysalis simplex Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis simplicima Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1979Haemaphysalis sinensis Zhang, 1981Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann, 1897Haemaphysalis spinulosa Neumann, 1906Haemaphysalis subelongata Hoogstraal, 1953Haemaphysalis subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878 Haemaphysalis sumatraensis Hoogstraal, El Kammah, Kadarsan & Anastos, 1971Haemaphysalis sundrai Sharif, 1928Haemaphysalis suntzovi Kolonin, 1993Haemaphysalis susphilippensis Hoogstraal, Kohls & Parrish, 1968Haemaphysalis taiwana Sugimoto, 1936Haemaphysalis tauffliebi Morel, 1965Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965Haemaphysalis tiptoni Hoogstraal, 1953Haemaphysalis toxopei Warburton, 1927 Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans, 1928Haemaphysalis traubi Kohls, 1955Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall & Warburton, 1915Haemaphysalis vasilisae Apanaskevich, 2025Haemaphysalis verticalis Itagaki, Noda & Yamaguchi, 1944Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton & Nuttall, 1909Haemaphysalis vietnamensis Hoogstraal & Wilson, 1966Haemaphysalis walkerae Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019Haemaphysalis warburtoni Nuttall, 1912Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall & Warburton, 1908Haemaphysalis yeni Toumanoff, 1944Haemaphysalis zumpti Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1974