HMS Circe (1892)


HMS Circe was an of the British Royal Navy. She was built by Sheerness Dockyard from 1890 to 1893. She was converted to a minesweeper in 1908–1909 and continued these duties during the First World War. Circe was sold for scrap in 1920.

Design and construction

Circe was one of 11 Alarm-class torpedo gunboats ordered for the Royal Navy under the 1889 Naval Defence Act, which authorised the shipbuilding programme for the next five years, and also included the last two torpedo-gunboats of the and the five torpedo gunboats of the. The Alarms were slightly modified versions of the previous Sharpshooter class, with modified engines to improve reliability.
Circe was long between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of. Displacement was. Two triple-expansion steam engines, fed by four locomotive boilers, drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was heavier than that installed in the Sharpshooters, and was slightly downrated to improve reliability. This gave a speed of.
The ship was armed with two 4.7-inch QF guns mounted fore and aft on the ships centreline, backed up by four 3-pounder guns and a single Gardner machine gun. Five 14-inch torpedo tubes were fitted, with three reload torpedoes carried. The ship had a crew of 91.
Circe was laid down at Sheerness Dockyard on 11 January 1891 and launched on 14 June 1892. She reached a speed of during sea trials and was completed in May 1893 at a cost of £61,979.

Service

In August 1894 Circe took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres, and in July 1896 again took part in the Manoeuvres, On 26 June 1897 Circe was present at the Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead. Circe took part in the 1900 Naval Manoeuvres in July that year.
In 1901 Circe was re-engined and had her locomotive boilers replaced by Thornycroft water-tube boilers. This greatly increased the power and reliability of the ship's machinery, which delivered during sea trials, giving a speed of. Despite these improvement, she was still too slow for effective use against much faster torpedo boats and destroyers. Lieutenant Stewart Ayscough Perry-Ayscough was appointed in command on 31 March 1902, and in October that year she was based at Harwich for fishery duties and as tender to the coast guard ship stationed there. She paid off at Sheerness on 11 December 1902, when her crew transferred to HMS Landrail, while Circe went to Govan to be fitted with new engines and boilers.
On 21 August 1905, Circe, which was stationed at Falmouth, was carrying out a fisheries protection patrol to guard against French vessels fishing in British waters when she encountered a group of French boats crab fishing off Eddystone Rocks. While most of the boats fled, Circe stopped two of them, the St. Jean and Christophe, after firing a shot across their bows, and bought them into Plymouth, although they were later released without charge. Circe was laid up in reserve at Devonport in 1906, and in 1907 recommissioned, joining the Home Fleet. On 30 April 1908 Circe, together with sister ship, several submarines and the submarine depot ship left Devonport for a cruise to Falmouth. When suffered problems in her propeller shaft bearings, Circe towed the disabled submarine back to Devonport.
In 1909 Circe was converted to a minesweeper, which involved removing the torpedo tubes. In June 1909 Circe took part in the Fleet manoeuvres.
On the outbreak of the First World War Circe joined the newly established Grand Fleet. In August 1914, the minesweepers attached to the Grand Fleet, including Circe were employed on carrying out daily sweeps of the Pentland Firth.
On 22 October 1914, as a result of several suspected sightings of submarines in the main fleet anchorage of Scapa Flow, the 1st and 4th Battle Squadrons of the Grand Fleet moved to Lough Swilly on the east coast of Northern Ireland, which was considered more secure against submarine attack. On 27 October, the battleship struck a mine off Tory Island, north-west of Lough Swilly, and despite efforts to tow her to safety, sank later that day. Circe, which along with sister ship was already at Lough Swilly, was used to clear a safe channel through the minefield.
On 18 November 1914 Circe and the gunboat were about to start a minesweeping run in the channel between Fair Island and North Ronaldsay when Skipjacks commanding officer sighted the conning tower of the German submarine. The two gunboats set off at full speed in pursuit, but the submarine outpaced them and dived to safety after a chase of 45 minutes. On 16 July 1915, Circe and the gunboats and were on the way from Scapa Flow to carry out an anti-submarine patrol off Muckle Flugga when Speedwell spotted the German submarine off her port bow. Speedwell rammed the submarine, which turned over onto her side before disappearing. U-41 had both periscopes damaged and was forced to abort her patrol and return to home.
Circe was a member of the Second Fleet Sweeping Flotilla, based at Scapa Flow as part of the Grand Fleet, in July 1917. Circe was sold for scrap on 30 July 1920 to H Auten.