Gustav Bychowski
Gustav Bychowski was a Polish-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author. he was the son of the distinguished neurologist Shneor Zalman Bychowski. He studied for a medical degree at the University of Zurich and studied psychiatry at Burghölzli, the University of Zurich's psychiatric hospital. He then studied psychoanalysis under Sigmund Freud in Vienna before moving back to Warsaw in 1921 and translating Freud's Introduction to Psychoanalysis into Polish.
During his career, he wrote a large number of books on psychoanalysis including Evil in Man: The Anatomy of Hate and Violence and Dictators and Disciples from Caesar to Stalin. The latter looks specifically at Julius Caesar, Oliver Cromwell, Maximilien Robespierre, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin.
The psychoanalyst Frank M. Lachmann describes Bychowski as not being a traditional Freudian: "Here was a Freudian analyst who was clearly more interested in connecting with the patient and finding areas of strength than in demonstrating how clever he could be in eliciting psychopathology". Lachmann writes that Bychowski eventually adopted similar views to that of Heinz Kohut.
Amongst his patients was noted American filmmaker James Toback.
Selected bibliography
Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy, New York: Basic Books, 1952.Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung. Zurich: O. Fussli, 1919Zur Psychopathologie der Brandstiftung. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 5, p. 29–55, 1919Űber das Fehlen der Wahmehmung der eigenen Blindheit bei zwei Kriegsverletzten. Neurologisches Centralblatt 39, p. 354–357, 1920Wissenschaft und Anthroposophie. Bemerkungen zum Aufsatz von Glaus ueber die anthroposophischen Kurse in Dornach. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 16, p. 377–378, 1921Autismus und Regression in modernen Kunstbestrebungen. Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medicin 78, s. 102–121, 1922Eine Gesichtsillusion als Ausdruck der ambivalenten Ubertragung. Int. Zsch. Psychoanal. 8, p. 337–339, 1922Zur Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen der Psyche und dem weiblichen Genitalsystem. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 59, p. 209–214, 1925'. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 5, p. 49–78, 1927W sprawie psychoterapji schizofrenji. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 8, p. 57–69, 1928Űber Psychotherapie der Schizophrenie. Der Nervenarzt 1, p. 478–487, 1928Słowacki i jego dusza. Studium psychoanalityczne. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo J. Mortkowicza, 1930O wychowaniu seksualnem. Warszawa: Polskie Towarzystwo Eugeniczne, 1930Marcel Proust als Dichter der psychologischen Analyse. Psychoanal. Bewegung 4, s. 323–344, 1932O pewnych zagadnieniach schizofrenji w świetle patologji mózgowej. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 21, p. 28–44, 1933Psychoanaliza na usługach wychowania dzieci moralnie zaniedbanych. Szkoła Specjalna 11, 1934/1935Przestępca w świetle psychoanalizy. Rocznik Psychjatryczny 24, p. 30–52, 1935- '