Gulgibarra
Gulgibarra is the name for the local Aboriginal Australian group who are particularly associated with, and 'belong to', the sandy seashores and the lower saltwater reaches of the Mulgrave and Russell Rivers including the Mutchero Inlet, where 'the waters flow through sand' in North East Queensland's wet tropics
Local Group
A local Aboriginal language speaker, Djariyi identified himself to linguist Robert M. W. Dixon as a member of the Gulgibarra.Djariyi, together with a number of other local Aboriginal language speakers, taught Dixon that the original people of the Yarrabah -Cairns region are all members of one or other local groups and, if asked, can each identify themselves by attaching the affix barra to a noun for the terrain to which they are particularly associated via conception, life history and more. Djariyi, for instance, attached the affix barra to the noun gulgi to identify himself and his local group as Gulgibarra
Other local groups neighbouring the Gulgibarra include:
- the Malanbarra for the freshwater upper reaches of the Mulgrave River where the river flows across worn, flat rocks.
- the Jinggabarra for the fast flowing freshwaters off the Wooroonooran National Park's Behana Gorge, feeding into the Mulgrave River to the north-west.
- the Bindabarra for the freshwater cascades flowing through Wooroonooran National Park's Babinda Boulders, feeding into the Russell River to the south-west.
- the Bagirgabarra for the coast and flatter wetlands to the south down to the North Johnstone River
Local Language
Dixon maps the sandy seashores and lower reaches of the Mulgrave and Russell Rivers to which the Gulgibarra are particularly associated as an area where the once predominant language spoken was Madjay Madjay is classed as one of the dialects of the Yidinyic language/sDixon found there are no reliable 19th century or early 20th century records of Madjay being spoken, however he also found the Gulgibarra language speaker, Djariyi, spoke a distinctively coastal version of the Yidinyic language/s, where a Gungay version was predominantly spoken on the Yarrabah promontory to the east; a Wanyur version spoken on the coast to the south, and a tablelands version spoken in the mountains to the west.
Aboriginal elders and family identifying themselves as "Madjay" language owners include Gulgibarra as one of the 'ancestral estates' within which Madjay was spoken, and they have produced a booklet recording language names for some of the most significant local minya and mayi to be found in the Gulgibarra area
Early Encounters
The Mulgrave and Russel Rivers were given their Queensland placenames by early colonist George Elphinstone Dalrymple on 18 November 1873 as part of his command of a Queensland North-East Coast expedition. When naming and exploring the lower reaches of these rivers, at that time, Dalrymple and others were travelling amongst the Gulgibarra, reporting for instance "the blacks here are numerous but peaceable; they "cooey" to us occasionally".Writing about the Gulgibarra, Dalrymple described their 'neat' and 'picturesque' round-topped palm-leaf guyahs, also describing their camp smoke curling up out of the tree tops up in the hill behind them, seeing them with rafts and canoes crossing the river ahead and/or fishing in outrigger canoes well furnished with fish spears, lines, hand nets etc.'. Dalrymple wrote:
At the entrance to the whole of these salty lower reaches of the Mulgrave and Russell Rivers are two sandy points reaching into the rivers' shared mouth, the northern point being named 'Flirt Point' and the southern being named 'Point Constantine'. Regarding the Gulgibarra, on 2 December 1873, Sub-inspector Johnstone and native police found on 'Point Constantine' a large bark gunyah, and hanging in the centre to that gunyah, with smoke under it, an emaciated body with knees doubled and tied to the chin, arms doubled and tied to the sides with split lawyer cane. Dalrymple wrote:
Another time, 1889, colonial botanist Frederick Manson Bailey collecting plants as part of a Queensland Government Botanical Expedition, encounters the Gulgibarra when he finds they crush and use an unnamed species of vine along the Mulgrave River to stun fish in the river's freshwater lagoons, naming the vine species Derris koolgiberrah and effectively preserving the Gulgibarra name within the species' nomenclature.