Golden-headed manakin
The golden-headed manakin is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical Central and South America in both wet and dry forests, secondary growth and plantations. It is a small manakin, about long. Males are entirely black apart from a golden head, yellow bill, white and red thighs and pink legs. Females and juveniles are olive-green with pink legs. At breeding time, males are involved in a cooperative lekking behaviour during which they jump, slide and dart from perch to perch. This is a fairly common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Taxonomy
The golden-headed manakin was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Parus erythrocephalus. Linnaeus based his account on the "Golden-headed black tit-mouse" that had been described and illustrated in 1743 by the English naturalist George Edwards in his book A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Edwards had sketched a mounted specimen that belonged to Charles Lennox, the 2nd Duke of Richmond. The Duke believed that his specimen had been collected in the Dutch colony of Surinam in South America. Although Linnaeus specified the type [locality (biology)|type locality] as South America, this has been restricted to Suriname. The specific epithet erythrocephala combines the Ancient Greek ερυθρος/eruthros meaning "red" with -κεφαλος/-kephalos meaning "-headed". The golden-headed manakin is now one of five species placed in the genus Ceratopipra that was introduced 1854 by French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.Two subspecies are recognised:C. e. erythrocephala – east Panama, north Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas and north BrazilC. e. berlepschi – east, southeast Colombia, east Ecuador, northeast Peru and northwest Brazil
Description
Like other manakins, the golden-headed manakin is a compact, brightly coloured forest bird, typically long and weighing. The adult male is black apart from a golden cap, white and red thighs, pink legs and a yellowish bill. The female and young males are olive-green and resemble female white-bearded manakins, but are smaller, shorter-tailed and have pinkish legs. Apart from the buzzing display song, the golden-headed manakin has a number of other calls, including a buzzing pir pir prrrrrt.Distribution and habitat
This manakin is found from Panama, Colombia and Trinidad south and east to the Guianas and Brazil and northern Peru. It is not found south of the Amazon or the Ucayali Rivers.It is a common bird of forests, second growth and plantations. Their upper altitudinal limit is usually about, but they are occasionally found has high as c. ASL. Like other manakins they eat fruit and some insects and spiders.