Glenview Mansion (Rockville)
Glenview Mansion is a historic home and surrounding property located at Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland. The house is a 1926 Neo-Classical Revival style house on of landscaped ground. The five-part mansion incorporates the remnants of the 1838 house called "Glenview." Since 1957, the house and grounds have been owned by the City of Rockville, and are used for various civic, cultural and social events, and is known as Rockville Civic Center Park. The house also includes the Glenview Mansion Art Gallery.
History
Catharine and Richard Johns Bowie, the original owners of the property, purchased 500 acres of land that the mansion now stands on and had their slaves clear its forests to grow corn, wheat, rye, potatoes, and hay as well as raise cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. In 1838, their slaves built a two-story house on the highest point of their property and named it Glenview. Despite being pro-Union, Bowie was a slave owner and an anti-abolitionist. The Glenview house and farm were built by around two dozen enslaved Black people. The enslaved Black people who worked at Glenview were freed between 1862 and 1864, due to the abolition of slavery.Glenview remained in the Bowie family until 1904, then changed hands several times before 1917, when it was purchased by Irene and William Smith. In 1923 architects Lochie and Porter were hired to transform Glenview from a farm to a fashionable country estate designed for entertaining. The original house the Bowies built still survives in the center of the much larger Neoclassical mansion.
After Irene Lyon's death in 1950, her husband James Alexander Lyon began selling off parcels of the estate for housing developments, including one hundred acres to develop housing in what would become the Burgundy Estates and Burgundy Knolls neighborhoods. In 1954, the Montgomery County Historical Society purchased the house and twenty-eight acres. The organization struggled to maintain the property, resorting to the sale of plants from the garden and leasing classroom for overcrowded Twinbrook Elementary School. By fall 1956, the board of the historical society decided to sell the property.
In response to growing interest in a community center, the City of Rockville explored the potential reuse of Glenview versus the cost of constructing a new structure. Despite concerns over the functional limitations of the house and constraints of the formal gardens on future expansion, the Mayor and Council unanimously approved the purchase for $125,000 in late 1956 as its future civic center.
Glenview Mansion quickly became a popular location for recreational programs as well as cultural and social organizations, including the Rockville Art League, Civil Defense, and Young in Heart. In 1960, the City of Rockville added the Civic Auditorium and by 1963, it included tennis courts, a public works building, and an animal shelter.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.