Glencoe, Illinois


Glencoe is a lakefront village in northeastern Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,849. Glencoe is part of Chicago's North Shore and one of the wealthiest communities in Illinois. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Glencoe was $228,750 in 2022.

History

Opinions differ about the origins of the village's name. Some attribute it to an early resident, Matthew Coe. Others say it is named for the area of Scotland of the same name. It developed in the late 19th century around a railroad stop. Former Chicago mayor Walter S. Gurnee had become president of the line connecting Chicago and Milwaukee, and often bought up and developed land around railroad stops. Thus, one historian believes the name derives from the maiden name of Gurnee's wife, since Gurnee bought the land in 1867 and began subdivision, although financial problems prevented him from building a home there and he returned to New York for his final years. The village's first seal was based on the seal of Glencoe, Scotland.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many elegant homes were built in Glencoe. Most notably, the village is home to the world's third largest collection of Frank Lloyd Wright structures: the Ravine Bluff subdivision contains seven houses, a concrete bridge and three sculptural markers. There are also two larger, individually built homes, located nearby Ravine Bluffs. In addition to Wright, there are houses designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw, David Adler, Robert E. Seyfarth and George Washington Maher, Benjamin Marshall, among others. Writers Theater was designed by Jeanne Gang.
Glencoe has had an African American population since almost immediately after the Village's 1869 incorporation.. Many in the Black and Italian community lived within a five-square block area near what is now Vernon Avenue from Washington to Jackson streets. Homes in this area were close together in accordance with the city planner's 20-foot wide alleys. In 1920 the city of Glencoe condemned these properties to clear land for a park.
In 1920 the African American community in Glencoe grew to 676 residents. The African American population in 1930 numbered 313 members and 176 in the 2000 census.
Homer Wilson was the first Black property owner in Glencoe. He went on to mortgage his home to found the St. Paul AME Church which is still active in Glencoe under the leadership of Katrese Kirk McKenzie. Glencoe beaches were not integrated until 1942 when a court injunction allowed the sale of beach passes for the Park Avenue beach to the family that requested them, A.L. Foster, his wife, Mildred and their two sons who lived at 379 Jefferson.
Glencoe has a Village Manager form of government. It had one of the first public safety departments. In 1921 Glencoe adopted the first zoning code in Illinois. Its land-use plan, adopted in 1940, has been adhered to with minor changes since then. For example, eminent domain law was used to condemn homes of the Black and Italian residents to make way for a new park next to South School. The allowed uses outlined on the 1940 zoning map is predominantly a single-family residential area, with no industrial uses. It has a small cohesive central business district that provides most basic services, including post office, library, Village Hall, performing arts theatre, train station, and other shopping needs.

Geography

Glencoe has a total area of, of which is land and is water.
Glencoe is located on the west side of Lake Michigan. It is separated from suburbs to the north and west by more than of the Cook County Forest Preserve natural forest area. Three golf clubs also buffer it, with the private Lake Shore Country Club on the north, the public Glencoe Golf Club on the northwest, and the private Skokie Country Club on the west.
Although nominally within Glencoe geographically, the Chicago Botanic Garden sits at the upper northwest corner of the village but is technically outside the village limits.
The village is surrounded on three sides by upper-income communities, with Highland Park on the north, Northbrook on the west, and Winnetka to the south. The Skokie Lagoons are located in the forest preserve to the immediate west of the village. The same forest preserve has a bicycle trail that connects to other forest preserves to the south. In the village, the Green Bay Trail allows bicyclists to travel as far south as Wilmette and north past Lake Forest. The highest point of elevation in Glencoe is above sea level along Green Bay Road in the northern part of the village.
Glencoe's southern border with Winnetka cuts through 58 homes, forcing homeowners to pay taxes to and seek permits from both villages. The two villages began discussing a solution in 1920s, reaching a tentative agreement in 2007 in which each homeowner could choose a village from which to receive services while the boundary officially remained unchanged. Initially, 46 homeowners chose Winnetka, but the others had the option to choose a village later. The boundary was later updated to reflect these choices.

Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 8,849 people, 3,302 households, and 2,563 families residing in the village. The population density was. There were 3,176 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 87.3% White, 1.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 4.3% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.
There were 3,302 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.96% were married couples living together, 5.33% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.38% were non-families. 21.11% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 2.67.
The village's age distribution consisted of 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 14.1% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $195,600, and the median income for a family was $250,001. Males had a median income of $136,111 versus $66,384 for females. The per capita income for the village was $121,589, placing Glencoe among the 20 wealthiest communities in the United States.
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2000Pop 2010% 2000% 2010
White alone 8,2398,0247,63594.03%91.99%86.28%
Black or African American alone 176105922.01%1.20%1.04%
Native American or Alaska Native alone 4580.05%0.06%0.09%
Asian alone 1472343771.68%2.68%4.26%
Pacific Islander alone 0100.00%0.01%0.00%
Other race alone 913380.10%0.15%0.43%
Mixed race or Multiracial 791093270.90%1.25%3.70%
Hispanic or Latino 1082323721.23%2.66%4.20%
Total8,7628,7238,849100.00%100.00%100.00%

Arts and culture

Points of interest

Glencoe is served by the Glencoe Public Library. The original library was located in the former Hawthorne School. A new library opened in 1941.

Education

is an elementary school district based in Glencoe. It includes three schools: South School, West School and Central School. All schools are located within Glencoe boundaries.
Glencoe is a part of New Trier Township High School District, which maintains campuses in the neighboring communities of Northfield and Winnetka.

Media

Local media covering news in Glencoe include The Glencoe Anchor, Winnetka-Glencoe Patch, TribLocal and Pioneer Press. The Free Press, a social scientific book publisher, was founded in Glencoe in 1947; it was sold and moved to New York City in 1960.

Filming location

  • Scenes from the films Ferris Bueller's Day Off and Sixteen Candles were filmed in Glencoe.
  • The Glencoe train station is featured in scenes from Flags of Our Fathers and She's Having a Baby.
  • The 2011 film Contagion has scenes filmed in Glencoe.

    Transportation

The Glencoe station provides Metra commuter rail service along the Union Pacific North Line. Trains travel south to Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago, and north to Kenosha station. Pace provides bus service on Route 213 connecting Glencoe to destinations across the North Shore.

Notable people