Gauḍa (region)
Gauda, was a territory located in Bengal in ancient and medieval times, as part of the Gauda Kingdom.
Location and extent
The Arthashastra of Chanakya refers to it along with Vanga, Pundra. This geographical idea continues with some of the ancient texts. Gauda and Vanga are sometimes used side by side. In the Sanskrit text Manasollasa, the name Gauda-Vangala was used to denote the whole of Bengal region.Shashanka, the first important king of ancient Bengal who is believed to have ruled between 590 AD to 625 AD, had his capital at Karnasubarna, south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of Murshidabad district. The Chinese monk, Xuanzang travelled from the country of Karnasubarna to a region in Orissa ruled by Shashanka. There is mention of Pundravardhana being part of Gauda in certain ancient records.
Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the Rarh region. While Krishna Mishra, in his Prabodha-chandrodaya, mentions that Gauda rashtra includes Rarh and Bhurishreshthika, identified with Bhurshut, in Hooghly and Howrah districts, but the Managoli inscription of the Yadava king Jaitugi I distinguishes Lala from Gaula.
The Pala emperors were referred to as Vangapati and Gaudesvara. Sena kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal.
According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day Malda district.
In the early Muslim period the name Gauda came to be applied to Lakhanavati in Malda district.
In the narrower sense Gauda is the territory between the river Padma and Bardhamana region.