Gastrotheca
Gastrotheca is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are found in Central America south of Costa Rica and in South America. Most species occur in the American Cordillera from southern Costa Rica to north-western Argentina. This genus makes up the bulk of marsupial frog diversity; formerly it was placed in the "Leptodactylidae" assemblage.
Marsupial frogs are so-called because they possess a dorsal brood pouch. In some species the eggs are fertilized on the female's lower back, and are inserted in her pouch with the aid of the male's toes. The eggs remain in contact with the female's vascular tissue, which provides them oxygen.
Gastrotheca guentheri is the only known frog with true teeth in its lower jaw. Gastrotheca riobambae is kept as pet and is used in scientific experiments.
Gastrotheca gemma was additionally discovered in 2021.
Species
There are 74 species recognized in the genus Gastrotheca:Gastrotheca abdita Duellman, 1987Gastrotheca aguaruna Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014Gastrotheca albolineata Gastrotheca andaquiensis Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976Gastrotheca angustifrons Gastrotheca antomia Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, Lynch, and Restrepo-Toro, 1997Gastrotheca antoniiochoai Gastrotheca aratia Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014Gastrotheca argenteovirens Gastrotheca atympana Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez, and von May, 2004Gastrotheca aureomaculata Cochran and Goin, 1970Gastrotheca bufona Cochran and Goin, 1970Gastrotheca carinaceps Duellman, Trueb, and Lehr, 2006Gastrotheca christiani Laurent, 1967Gastrotheca chrysosticta Laurent, 1976Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus Gastrotheca cornuta Gastrotheca cuencana Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019Gastrotheca dendronastes Duellman, 1983Gastrotheca dunni Lutz, 1977Gastrotheca dysprosita Duellman, 2013Gastrotheca elicioi Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019Gastrotheca ernestoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920Gastrotheca espeletia Duellman and Hillis, 1987Gastrotheca excubitor Duellman and Fritts, 1972Gastrotheca fissipes Gastrotheca flamma Juncá and Nunes, 2008Gastrotheca fulvorufa Gastrotheca galeata Trueb and Duellman, 1978Gastrotheca gemma Venegas, García Ayachi, Echevarría, Paluh, Chávez-Arribasplata, Marchelie, & Catenazzi, 2021Gastrotheca gracilis Laurent, 1969Gastrotheca griswoldi Shreve, 1941Gastrotheca guentheri Gastrotheca helenae Dunn, 1944Gastrotheca lateonota Duellman and Trueb, 1988Gastrotheca litonedis Duellman and Hillis, 1987Gastrotheca lojana Parker, 1932Gastrotheca longipes Gastrotheca marsupiata Gastrotheca megacephala Izecksohn, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Peixoto, 2009Gastrotheca microdiscus Gastrotheca monticola Barbour and Noble, 1920Gastrotheca nebulanastes Duellman, Catenazzi, and Blackburn, 2011Gastrotheca nicefori Gaige, 1933Gastrotheca ochoai Duellman and Fritts, 1972Gastrotheca oresbios Duellman and Venegas, 2016Gastrotheca orophylax Duellman and Pyles, 1980Gastrotheca ossilaginis Duellman and Venegas, 2005Gastrotheca ovifera Gastrotheca pacchamama Duellman, 1987Gastrotheca pachachacae Catenazzi and von May, 2011Gastrotheca peruana Gastrotheca phalarosa Duellman and Venegas, 2005Gastrotheca phelloderma Lehr and Catenazzi, 2011Gastrotheca piperata Duellman and Köhler, 2005Gastrotheca plumbea Gastrotheca prasina Teixeira, Vechio, Recoder, Carnaval, Strangas, Damasceno, Sena, and Rodrigues, 2012Gastrotheca pseustes Duellman and Hillis, 1987Gastrotheca psychrophila Duellman, 1974Gastrotheca pulchra Caramaschi and Rodrigues, 2007Gastrotheca rebeccae Duellman and Trueb, 1988Gastrotheca recava Teixeira, Vechio, Recoder, Carnaval, Strangas, Damasceno, Sena, and Rodrigues, 2012Gastrotheca riobambae Gastrotheca ruizi Duellman and Burrowes, 1986Gastrotheca spectabilis Duellman and Venegas, 2016Gastrotheca splendens Gastrotheca stictopleura Duellman, Lehr, and Aguilar, 2001Gastrotheca testudinea Gastrotheca trachyceps Duellman, 1987Gastrotheca turnerorum Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019Gastrotheca walkeri Duellman, 1980Gastrotheca weinlandii Gastrotheca williamsoni Gaige, 1922Gastrotheca yacuri Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019Gastrotheca zeugocystis Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez, and von May, 2004The AmphibiaWeb is listing 69 species as Gastrotheca lojana is not included.