Gastrodia
Gastrodia, commonly known as potato orchids, is a genus of terrestrial leafless orchids in the family Orchidaceae, about ninety of which have been described. Orchids in this genus have fleshy, upright stems and small to medium-sized resupinate flowers with narrow sepals and petals. They are native to Asia, Australia, New Zealand, central Africa, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Description
Orchids in the genus Gastrodia are leafless, terrestrial, mycotrophic herbs with a fleshy, underground rhizome and an upright flowering stem with a few to many brownish, resupinate flowers. The sepals and petals are fused to form a bell-shaped or irregular tube with the tips free. The petals are usually much smaller than the sepals and the labellum has three lobes and is fully enclosed in the tube.
Taxonomy
The genus Gastrodia was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The type species is Gastrodia sesamoides.
The following is a list of species of Gastrodia recognised by Plants of the World Online as of September 2021:Gastrodia abscondita J.J.Sm. - JavaGastrodia africana Kraenzl. - CameroonGastrodia agnicellus Hermans & P.J.Cribb - MadagascarGastrodia albida T.C.Hsu, & C.M.Kuo - TaiwanGastrodia albidoides Y.H.Tan & T.C.Hsu - YunnanGastrodia amamiana Suetsugu - JapanGastrodia angusta S.Chow & S.C.Chen - YunnanGastrodia appendiculata C.S.Leou & N.J.ChungGastrodia arunachalensis S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao – Arunachal PradeshGastrodia ballii P.J.Cribb & Browning - Malawi, Zimbabwe, MozambiqueGastrodia bambu Metusala - JavaGastrodia bawanglingensis Z.Heng Chen, Z.Yang Zhang & X.Q.SongGastrodia boninensis Tuyama - Ogasawara-shoto Gastrodia cajanoae Barcelona & Pelser - Java, TaiwanGastrodia callosa J.J.Sm. - Java, TaiwanGastrodia celebica Schltr. - SulawesiGastrodia clausa T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan, OkinawaGastrodia confusa Honda & Tuyama - Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu IslandsGastrodia confusoides T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - TaiwanGastrodia cooperae Lehnebach & J.R.Rolfe - New ZealandGastrodia crassisepala L.O.Williams - New GuineaGastrodia crebriflora D.L.Jones - QueenslandGastrodia crispa J.J.Sm. – JavaGastrodia cunninghamii Hook.f. - Vanuatu, New Zealand Gastrodia damingshanensis A.Q.Hu & T.C.HsuGastrodia daweishanensis A.Q.Hu & T.C.HsuGastrodia dewildeorum Schuit.Gastrodia dyeriana King & Pantl. - Sikkim, DarjilingGastrodia effusa P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Sabah, Peninsular MalaysiaGastrodia elata Blume - much of China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Assam, Bhutan, NepalGastrodia elatoides W.C.Huang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang - Madagascar Gastrodia exilis Hook.f. - India, Assam, Thailand, Sumatra Gastrodia falconeri D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. - Pakistan, northern India, NepalGastrodia fimbriata Suddee - ThailandGastrodia flavilabella S.S.Ying - TaiwanGastrodia flexistyla T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - TaiwanGastrodia foetida Koidz.Gastrodia fontinalis T.P.Lin - TaiwanGastrodia fujianensis Liang Ma, Xin Y.Chen & S.P.Chen - China Gastrodia gracilis Blume - Taiwan, HonshuGastrodia grandilabris Carr - SabahGastrodia gunatillekeorum Bandara, Priyankara & Kumar - Sri LankaGastrodia holttumii Carr Gastrodia huapingenisi X.Y.Huang, A.Q.Hu & Yan LiuGastrodia indica M.KhanalGastrodia isabelensis T.C.HsuGastrodia javanica Lindl. - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Fujian, Ryukyu IslandsGastrodia kachinensis X.H.Jin & L.A.Ye – MyanmarGastrodia kaohsiungensis T.P.Lin – TaiwanGastrodia kuroshimensis Suetsugu - JapanGastrodia lacista D.L.Jones - Western AustraliaGastrodia leoui T.C.Hsu & C.M.KuoGastrodia leucochila T.C.Hsu & Z.H.ChenGastrodia longiflora SuetsuguGastrodia longistyla Q.Liu, J.D.Ya & X.H.JinGastrodia longitubularis Q.W.Meng, X.Q.Song & Y.B.Luo - HainanGastrodia madagascariensis H.Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier - MadagascarGastrodia major Aver. - VietnamGastrodia maliauensis Suetsugu, Suleiman & Tsukaya - Borneo Gastrodia menghaiensis Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen - YunnanGastrodia minor Petrie - New ZealandGastrodia mishmensis A.N.Rao, Harid. & S.N.HegdeGastrodia molloyi Lehneback & J.R.Rolfe - New ZealandGastrodia munasingheae Atthan., C.Bandara & KumarGastrodia nantoensis T.C.Hsu, C.M.Kuo ex T.P.Lin Gastrodia nipponica Honda) Tuyama - Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu IslandsGastrodia nipponicoides SuetsuguGastrodia × nippouraiensis Suetsugu & T.C.Hsu - Nansei-shotoGastrodia okinawensis SuetsuguGastrodia papuana Schltr. - New GuineaGastrodia peichatieniana S.S.YingGastrodia phangngaensis SuddeeGastrodia procera G.W.Carr - N.S.W., Vic., A.C.T., Tas.Gastrodia pubilabiata Y.Sawa - Taiwan, JapanGastrodia punctata Aver. - VietnamGastrodia pushparaga Gopallawa, A.Perera & MadolaGastrodia putaoensis X.H.Jin - MyanmarGastrodia qingyunshanensis Jiu X.Huang, H.Xu & H.J.YangGastrodia queenslandica Dockrill - QueenslandGastrodia rubinea T.P.Lin - TaiwanGastrodia rwandensis Eb.Fisch. & Killmann - RwandaGastrodia sabahensis J.J.Wood & A.L.LambGastrodia selabintanensis Tsukaya & HidayatGastrodia sesamoides R.Br. - AustraliaGastrodia shimizuana Tuyama - Iriomote, TaiwanGastrodia sikkimensis M.Khanal & S.SarkarGastrodia silentvalleyana C.S.Kumar, P.C.S.Kumar, Sibi & S.Anil Kumar - KeralaGastrodia similis Bosser - RéunionGastrodia solomonensis T.C.HsuGastrodia spatulata J.J.Wood - SabahGastrodia stapfii HayataGastrodia sui C.S.Leou, T.C.Hsu & C.R.Yeh - TaiwanGastrodia surcula D.L.Jones - New South WalesGastrodia taiensis Tuyama - VietnamGastrodia takeshimensis SuetsuguGastrodia tembatensis P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Peninsular MalaysiaGastrodia theana Aver. - VietnamGastrodia thilakapremae Atthan., C.Bandara & KumarGastrodia tonkinensis Aver. & AveryanovaGastrodia tuberculata F.Y.Liu & S.C.Chen - YunnanGastrodia umbrosa B.Gray - QueenslandGastrodia uraiensis T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - TaiwanGastrodia urceolata D.L. Jones - QueenslandGastrodia verrucosa Blume - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra Gastrodia vescula D.L.Jones - South AustraliaGastrodia wuyishanensis Da M.Li & C.D.Liu - FujianGastrodia zeylanica Schltr. - Sri Lanka