Gangga Melayu
Gangga Melayu is a cipher script and an abugida that were used to write the Malay and Perak Malay languages in Perak sometime until the 20th century. The writing was once used to write chiri, the old coronation formula of Malay kings of Perak. The writing system is unique for having both Abjad and Abugida features.
History
The origin of the Gangga Melayu script is still unknown. However, there is a view that the letters in this script are a modified form of the Arabic script used to write the Malay language. R. A. Kern wrote:the greater part of the characters can be traced back to the regular Arabic script, by the inversion of the form vertically or horizontally, and the replacement of the dots by short lines attached to the basic characters. This change serves to distinguish letters which in regular Arabic script are distinguished by the number of dots.
Although the form of the characters may have been derived from Arabic script, the structure of the Gangga Melayu script appears to be based on the Brahmi model, with some features adapted from other writing systems such as Javanese. In fact, Blagden suggests that some of the basic elements of this writing may date back to very early times and possibly existed before the advent of Islam.
According to C. O. Blagden, this script was used in the Malay Peninsula at least until the early 20th century and is described as a “cipher script” or “secret writing” In A Dictionary of the Malay Language, Gangga Malayu described as “the name of an alphabet used in Pêrak, but of modern origin and used only for purposes of secrecy.”