Fuscosporellaceae
Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the division Ascomycota, subdivision Pezizomycotina and class Sordariomycetes.
It contains a single family, Fuscosporellaceae, with genera ; Bactrodesmiastrum , Fuscosporella , Mucispora , Parafuscosporella , Plagiascoma and Pseudoascotaiwania .
History
The monotypic order Fuscosporellales was introduced by Yang et al. in 2016, with Fuscosporellaceae as the type family, based on phylogenetic analyses, and six genera were assigned to the family, viz. Bactrodesmiastrum, Fuscosporella, Mucispora, Parafuscosporella, Plagiascoma, and Pseudoascotaiwania.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data place these hitherto unidentified taxa close to Ascotaiwania and Bactrodesmiastrum. A robust clade containing a new combination Pseudoascotaiwania persoonii, Bactrodesmiastrum species, Plagiascoma frondosum and three new species, were then introduced into the new order of Fuscosporellales.
A sister relationship for Fuscosporellales with Conioscyphales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales was strongly supported by sequence data.
Taxonomic novelties introduced in Fuscosporellales was four monotypic genera, viz. Fuscosporella, Mucispora, Parafuscosporella and Pseudoascotaiwania. Earlier, Bactrodesmiastrum and Plagiascoma were originally placed in Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis. The divergence time for Fuscosporellales has been estimated as 190 MYA.
Parafuscosporella moniliformis and Parafuscosporella mucosa, were later identified as the type and second species in their genus, respectively.
Fuscosporellales and Savoryellales were initially placed in Hypocreomycetidae, but later, based on the phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses, they were referred to as a new subclass of Savoryellomycetidae along with Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales by Hongsanan et al.
Description
Plagiascoma and Pseudoascotaiwania are known for their sexual morphs, which have immersed to semi-immersed, dark brown to black ascomata, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindrical-fusiform, stipitate, 8-spored asci with a non-amyloid apical ring, and uniseriate, hyaline or light brown, fusiform, septate ascospores. Asexual genera Bactrodesmiastrum, Fuscosporella, and Parafuscosporella, all share the features of having sporodochial conidiomata which is semi-macronematous to macronematous, hyaline to brown, smooth-walled conidiophores, monoblastic, integrated, hyaline to dark brown conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal shaped, obovoid to pyriform, brown to dark brown, septate conidia. While in comparison, Mucispora is distinct in having macronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, brown shaded conidiophores. That are usually elongating percurrently, and ellipsoidal to obovoid conidia, sometimes with a hyaline mucilaginous sheath.Distribution and habitat
It has a scattered distribution worldwide, it has been found in South America, parts of North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.Asexual morphs of freshwater fungi have been mostly reported from tropical and subtropical regions. Such as species in Fuscosporella and Mucispora have been reported from freshwater habitats in Thailand and China. Also, two species of Parafuscosporella were isolated from unidentified submerged twigs in a freshwater stream of Prachuap Khiri [Khan province|Prachuap Khiri Khan Province], Thailand.