Fundulus
Fundulus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the superfamily Funduloidea, family Fundulidae. It belongs to the order of toothcarps, and therein the large suborder Cyprinodontoidei. Most of its closest living relatives are egg-laying, with the notable exception of the splitfin livebearers.
They are usually smallish; most species reaching a length of at most 4 in when fully grown. However, a few larger species exist, with the giant killifish and the northern studfish growing to twice the genus' average size.
Many of the 40-odd species are commonly known by the highly ambiguous name "killifish", or the somewhat less ambiguous "topminnow". "Studfish" is a quite unequivocal vernacular name applied to some other Fundulus species; it is not usually used to refer to the genus as a whole.
Fundulus have evolved to occupy a wide range of aquatic ecosystems, including marine, estuarine, and freshwater, making it a good comparative model system for studying evolutionary divergence between marine and freshwater environments. To assist with this research, Oxford Nanopore long-read reference genomes have been sequenced for F. xenicus, F. catenatus, F. nottii, and F. olivaceus''.''
Species
There are currently 39 recognized species in this genus:Fundulus albolineatus C. H. Gilbert, 1891 Fundulus bermudae Günther, 1874 Fundulus bifax Cashner & Rogers, 1988 Fundulus blairae Wiley & D. D. Hall, 1975 Fundulus catenatus Fundulus chrysotus Fundulus cingulatus Valenciennes, 1846 Fundulus confluentus Goode & T. H. Bean, 1879 Fundulus diaphanus- * Fundulus diaphanus diaphanus
- * Fundulus diaphanus menona D. S. Jordan & Copeland, 1877Fundulus dispar Fundulus escambiae Fundulus euryzonus Suttkus & Cashner, 1981 Fundulus grandis S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 Fundulus grandissimus C. L. Hubbs, 1936 Fundulus heteroclitus
- * Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus
- * Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus Fundulus jenkinsi Fundulus julisia J. D. Williams & Etnier, 1982 Fundulus kansae Garman, 1895 Fundulus lima Vaillant, 1894Fundulus lineolatus Fundulus luciae Fundulus majalis Fundulus notatus Fundulus nottii Fundulus olivaceus Fundulus parvipinnis Girard, 1854 Fundulus persimilis R. R. Miller, 1955 Fundulus philpisteri García-Ramírez, Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano, 2007Fundulus pulvereus Fundulus rathbuni D. S. Jordan & Meek, 1889 Fundulus relictus Able & Felley, 1988 Fundulus rubrifrons Fundulus saguanus Rivas, 1948Fundulus sciadicus Cope, 1865 Fundulus seminolis Girard, 1859 Fundulus similis Fundulus stellifer Fundulus waccamensis C. L. Hubbs & Raney, 1946 Fundulus xenicus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 Fundulus zebrinus D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883
- †Fundulus curryi R. R. Miller, 1945 - Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Death Valley, California
- †Fundulus lariversi Abers & Stewart 1972 - Early/Middle Miocene of Nevada
- †Fundulus ''davidae R. R. Miller, 1945 - Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Death Valley, California
- †Fundulus detillae Hibbard & Dunkle, 1942 - Middle Pliocene of Kansas
- †Fundulus eulepis R. R. Miller, 1945 - Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Death Valley, California
- †Fundulus nevadensis - Late Miocene of Nevada