Friarbird
The friarbirds, also called leatherheads, are a group of 18 relatively large honeyeaters in the genus Philemon. Additionally, the single member of the genus Melitograis is called the white-streaked friarbird. Friarbirds are found in Australia, Papua New Guinea, eastern Indonesia, and New Caledonia. They eat nectar, insects and other invertebrates, flowers, fruit, and seeds.
The friarbirds generally have drab plumage. They derive their name from the circular pattern at the crown of their heads and their neutral coloring, which makes them resemble friars. In many instances, their plumage is mimicked by smaller orioles, which use the aggressive nature of the friarbirds to avoid aggression themselves.
Taxonomy
The genus Philemon was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot. Vieillot did not specify a type species but this was designated as the Buru friarbird by George Gray in 1840. The genus name is from Ancient Greek philēmōn meaning "affectionate" or "kissing".The genus contains the following 16 species:
- Meyer's friarbird
- Brass's friarbird
- Little friarbird
- Grey friarbird
- Timor friarbird
- Morotai friarbird
- Seram friarbird
- Buru friarbird
- Tanimbar friarbird
- Helmeted friarbird
- New Britain friarbird
- New Ireland friarbird
- Manus friarbird
- Silver-crowned friarbird
- Noisy friarbird
- New Caledonian friarbird