List of French monarchs
was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the French Empire">French language">French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Franks, as the first king of France. However, most historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia, after the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century.
Titles
The kings used the title "King of the Franks" until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" was Philip II in 1190, after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, Francorum Rex continued to be sometimes used, for example by Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the eighteenth century.During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France ". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.
With the House of Bonaparte, the title "Emperor of the French" was used in 19th-century France, during the first and second French Empires, between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870.
From the 14th century down to 1801, the English monarch claimed the throne of France, though such claim was purely nominal excepting a short period during the Hundred Years' War when Henry VI of England had control over most of Northern France, including Paris. By 1453, the English had been mostly expelled from France and Henry's claim has since been considered illegitimate; French historiography commonly does not recognize Henry VI of England among the kings of France.
Frankish kings (843–987)
Carolingian dynasty (843–887)
The Carolingians were a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the Merovingian kings. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace, Charles Martel, whose son Pepin the Short dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy, was crowned King of the Franks. Under Charles the Great, better known as "Charlemagne", the Frankish kingdom expanded deep into Central Europe, conquering Italy and most of modern Germany. He was also crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by the Pope, a title that was eventually carried on by the German rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.Charlemagne was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious, who eventually divided the kingdom between his sons. His death, however, was followed by a three-year-long civil war that ended with the Treaty of Verdun, which divided Francia into three kingdoms, one of which was short-lived. Modern France developed from West Francia, while East Francia became the Holy Roman Empire and later Germany. By this time, the eastern and western parts of the land had already developed different languages and cultures.
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Charles II "the Bald" | 10 August 843 – 6 October 877 | Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun | 13 June 823 – 6 October 877 King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes | |
| Louis II "the Stammerer" | 6 October 877 – 10 April 879 | Son of Charles the Bald | 1 November 846 – 10 April 879 King of Aquitaine since 867. Died of natural causes. | |
| Louis III | 10 April 879 – 5 August 882 | Son of Louis the Stammerer | 863 – 5 August 882 Ruled the North; died after hitting his head with a lintel while riding his horse. | |
| Carloman II | 10 April 879 – 6 December 884 | Son of Louis the Stammerer | 866 – 6 December 884 Ruled the South; died after being accidentally stabbed by his servant. | |
| Charles "the Fat" | 12 December 884 – 11 November 887 | Son of Louis II the German, king of East Francia, and grandson of Louis I | 839 – 13 January 888 King of East Francia since 876; crowned Emperor in 881. Last ruler to control all Frankish territories. Deposed by the nobility, later dying of natural causes |
Robertian dynasty (888–898)
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Odo Eudes or Odon | 29 February 888 – 3 January 898 | Son of Robert the Strong; elected king by the French nobles following the deposition of Charles. Initially rivaled by Guy III of Spoleto and Ranulf II of Aquitaine | 858 – 3 January 898 Defended Paris from the Vikings; died of natural causes |
Carolingian dynasty (898–922)
Robertian dynasty (922–923)
Bosonid dynasty (923–936)
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Rudolph Rodolphe or Raoul | 15 June 923– 14 January 936 | Son of Richard, Duke of Burgundy and son-in-law of Robert I | Duke of Burgundy since 921. Died of illness after a reign of constant civil war and viking raids. Lost Lotharingia to Henry I of Germany |
Carolingian dynasty (936–987)
Capetian dynasty (987–1792)
The Capetian dynasty is named for Hugh Capet, a Robertian who served as Duke of the Franks and was elected King in 987. Except for the Bonaparte-led Empires, every monarch of France was a male-line descendant of Hugh Capet. The kingship passed through patrilineally from father to son until the 14th century, a period known as Direct Capetian rule. Afterwards, it passed to the House of Valois, a cadet branch that descended from Philip III. The Valois claim was disputed by Edward III, the Plantagenet king of England who claimed himself as the rightful king of France through his French mother Isabella. The two houses fought the Hundred Years' War over the issue, and with Henry VI of England being for a time partially recognized as King of France.The Valois line died out in the late 16th century, during the French Wars of Religion, to be replaced by the distantly related House of Bourbon, which descended through the Direct Capetian Louis IX. The Bourbons ruled France until deposed in the French Revolution, though they were restored to the throne after the fall of Napoleon. The last Capetian to rule was Philippe I">Philip of France (1116–1131)">Philippe I, king of the July Monarchy, a member of the cadet House of Bourbon-Orléans.
House of Capet (987–1328)
The House of Capet are also commonly known as the "Direct Capetians".| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Hugh "Capet" Hugues | 1 June 987 – 24 October 996 | Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I | 941 – 24 October 996 Duke of the Franks since 956. Died of natural causes. | ||
| [Robert II of France|Robert II "the Pious"] | 24 October 996 – 20 July 1031 | Only son of Hugh "Capet" | 970 – 20 July 1031 Married thrice, getting excommunicated by the Catholic Church. Incorporated the Duchy of Burgundy | ||
| Hughes | 19 June 1017 – 17 September 1025 | Son of Robert II | 1007 – 17 September 1025 | ||
| [Henry I of France|Henry I] Henri | 20 July 1031 – 4 August 1060 | Son of Robert II | 4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060 His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords | ||
| [Philip I of France|Philip I "the Amorous"] Philippe | 4 August 1060 – 29 July 1108 | Son of Henry I | 1052 – 29 July 1108 Ruled under the regency of Anne of Kiev and Count Baldwin V until 1066 | ||
| [Louis VI of France|Louis VI "the Fat"] | 29 July 1108 – 1 August 1137 | Son of Philip I | 1081 – 1 August 1137 His reign contributed to the centralization of royal power. First king to wage war against the English | ||
| Philippe | 14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131 | Son of Louis VI | 29 August 1116 – 13 October 1131 | ||
| [Louis VII of France|Louis VII "the Young"] | 1 August 1137 – 18 September 1180 | Son of Louis VI | 1120 – 18 September 1180 Known for his rivalry with Henry II of England and his military campaigns during the Second Crusade | ||
| [Philip II of France|Philip II "Augustus"] Philippe Auguste | 18 September 1180– 14 July 1223 | Son of Louis VII | 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223 Regarded as one of the greatest French rulers. First monarch to style himself as "King of France" | ||
| Louis VIII "the Lion" | 14 July 1223– 8 November 1226 | Son of Philp II | 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226 Proclaimed king of England in 1216, after which he led an unsuccessful invasion | ||
| Louis IX "the Saint" | 8 November 1226– 25 August 1270 | Son of Louis VIII | 25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270 Ruled under the regency of Blanche of Castile until 1234. Died during the 8th Crusade; only king to be venerated by the Catholic Church | ||
| [Philip III of France|Philip III "the Bold"] Philippe | 25 August 1270– 5 October 1285 | Son of Louis IX | 3 April 1245 – 5 October 1285 Greatly expanded French influence in Europe. Died of a fever | ||
| [Philip IV of France|Philip IV "the Fair"] Philippe | 5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314 | Son of Philip III | 1268 – 29 November 1314 King of Navarre since 16 August 1284, following his marriage with Joan I. Remembered for his struggle with the Roman papacy and his consolidation of royal power, which helped to reduce the influence of feudal lords | ||
| [Louis X of France|Louis X "the Quarreller"] | 29 November 1314– 5 June 1316 | Son of Philip IV | 3 October 1289 – 5 June 1316 King of Navarre since 2 April 1305. His short reign was marked by conflicts with the nobility | ||
| [John I of France|John I "the Posthumous"] Jean | 15–19 November 1316 | Posthumous son of Louis X | King for the four days he lived; youngest and shortest undisputed monarch in French history | ||
| [Philip V of France|Philip V "the Tall"] Philippe | 20 November 1316– 3 January 1322 | Son of Philip IV and uncle of John I | 1293/4 – 3 January 1322 King of Navarre as Philip II. Died without a male heir | ||
| [Charles IV of France|Charles IV "the Fair"] | 3 January 1322– 1 February 1328 | Son of Philip IV and younger brother of Philip V | 1294 – 1 February 1328 King of Navarre as Charles I. Died without a male heir, ending the direct line of Capetians |
House of Valois (1328–1589)
The death of Charles IV started the Hundred Years' War between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, whose claim was taken up by the cadet branch known as the House of Lancaster, over control of the French throne. The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only primogeniture through the ancient Salic Law, having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. The Plantagenets based their claim on being closer to a more recent French king, Edward III of England being a grandson of Philip IV through his mother, Isabella.The two houses fought the Hundred Years War to enforce their claims. The Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings. One Plantagenet, Henry VI of England, enjoyed de jure control of the French throne following the Treaty of Troyes, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. The Valois line ruled France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the French Wars of Religion. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French with Joan II, a daughter of Louis X.
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| [Philip VI of France|Philip VI "the Fortunate"] Philippe | 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350 | Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV | 1293 – 22 August 1350 His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War. | ||
| [John II of France|John II "the Good"] Jean | 22 August 1350 – 8 April 1364 | Son of Philip VI | April 1319 – 8 April 1364 Captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers ; forced to sign a series of humiliating treaties | ||
| [Charles V of France|Charles V "the Wise"] | 8 April 1364– 16 September 1380 | Son of John II; named Dauphin on 16 July 1349 | 21 January 1337 – 16 September 1380 His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords and renewed conflict against the English | ||
| [Charles VI of France|Charles VI "the Mad" "the Beloved"] | 16 Sept 1380– 21 October 1422 | Son of Charles V | 3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422 Ruled under the regency of his uncles until 1388. Suffered a long period of mental illness before dying of natural causes | ||
| Henry | 21 October 1422– 19 October 1453 | Maternal grandson of Charles VI, recognized as heir after the Treaty of Troyes of 21 May 1420 | 6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471 King of England since 1 September 1422. Ruled under several regencies until 1437 | ||
| [Charles VII of France|Charles VII "the Victorious" "the Well-Served"] | 21 October 1422 – 22 July 1461 | Son of Charles VI and uncle of Henry VI, named Dauphin in April 1417 | 22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War | ||
| Louis XI "the Prudent" "the Universal Spider" | 22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483 | Son of Charles VII | 3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483 His reign saw the strengthening and expansion of royal power. Nicknamed "the Universal Spider" for the numerous intrigues during his rule | ||
| Charles VIII "the Affable" | 30 August 1483 – 7 April 1498 | Son of Louis XI | 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498 Ruled under the regency of his sister Anne until 1491. Started the long and unsuccessful Italian Wars. Died after hitting his head on a lintel |
House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)
House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)
House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs. His first son, Francis II, died in his minority. His second son, Charles IX, had no legitimate sons to inherit. Following the premature death of his fourth son Hercule François and the assassination of his third son, the childless Henry III, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne. The best claimant, King Henry III of Navarre, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility.Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as King Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon. This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch, as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars. The House of Bourbon was overthrown during the French Revolution and replaced by a short-lived republic.
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| [Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon |Charles X] | 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590 | 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre | 22 December 1523 – 9 May 1590 ----Imprisoned by Henry III on 23 December 1588; remained his entire "reign" in captivity. Died of natural causes | ||
| Henry IV "the Great" "the Good King" Henri | 2 August 1589 – 14 May 1610 | 10th-generation descendant of Louis IX; also nephew of Charles and by first marriage son-in-law of Henry II. Proclaimed king on Henry III's deathbed | 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610 ----King of Lower Navarre since 10 June 1572. Killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by Catholic fanatic François Ravaillac. | ||
| Louis XIII "the Just" | 14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643 | Son of Henry IV | 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643 ----Last King of Lower Navarre. Died of natural causes. | ||
| Louis XIV "the Great" "the Sun King" | 14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715 | Son of Louis XIII | 5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715 ----Ruled under the regency of his mother Anne of Austria until 1651. Longest reigning sovereign monarch in history | ||
| Louis XV "the Beloved" | 1 September 1715 – 10 May 1774 | Great-grandson of Louis XIV | 15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774 ----Ruled under the regency of Philippe II, Duke of Bourbon-Orléans, until 1723 | ||
| Louis XVI | 10 May 1774 – 21 September 1792 | Grandson of Louis XV | 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793 ----Forced to install a constitutional monarchy after 1789. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the First Republic, executed in public | ||
| Louis XVII | 21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795 | Son of Louis XVI; named Dauphin on 4 June 1789 | 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795 ----Imprisoned by the revolutionary forces on 13 August 1792. Remained his entire "reign" in captivity |
Long 19th-century (1792–1870)
The period known as the "long nineteenth century" was a tumultuous time in French politics. The period is generally considered to have begun with the French Revolution, which deposed and then executed Louis XVI. Royalists continued to recognize his son, the putative king Louis XVII, as ruler of France. Louis was under arrest by the government of the Revolution and died in captivity having never ruled. The republican government went through several changes in form and constitution until France was declared an empire, following the ascension of the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte as Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon was overthrown twice following military defeats during the Napoleonic Wars.After the Napoleonic period followed two different royal governments, the Bourbon Restoration, which was ruled successively by two younger brothers of Louis XVI, and the July Monarchy, ruled by Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin who claimed descent from Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV. The French Revolution of 1848 brought an end to the monarchy again, instituting a brief Second Republic that lasted four years, before its president declared himself Emperor Napoleon III, who was deposed and replaced by the Third Republic, and ending monarchic rule in France for good.
House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Napoleon I | 18 May 1804 – 2 April 1814 | First Consul of the French Republic following the coup d'état of 19 November 1799; self-proclaimed Emperor of the French | 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 ----Conquered most of Europe in a series of successful wars; remembered as one of the greatest military commanders in history. Deposed in absentia and forced to abdicate, then exiled to the island of Elba | ||
| Napoleon II | 4 – 6 April 1814 | Son of Napoleon I | 20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832 ----Unrecognized by the Coalition and the Senate, only named emperor in Napoleon's will. |
House of Bourbon, First Restoration (1814–1815)
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Louis XVIII "the Desired" | 3 May 1814 – 20 March 1815 | Younger brother of Louis XVI; proclaimed king in June 1795. Had his dynasty restored to the throne with the help of other European royal houses, which had dethroned Napoleon | 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 ----Fled France on 21 June 1791, during the Flight to Varennes, and again in March 1815, after the return of Napoleon |
House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Napoleon I | 20 March – 22 June 1815 | Restored as Emperor of the French by the French Army following his escape from the island of Elba | 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 ----Abdicated in favour of his son following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he later died of a stomach illness | ||
| Napoleon II | 22 June – 7 July 1815 | Son of Napoleon I | 20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832 ----Unrecognized by the Coalition; remained his entire "reign" hidden in Austria, with his mother Marie Louise. Died of tuberculosis several years later |
House of Bourbon, Second Restoration (1815–1830)
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Louis XVIII "the Desired" | 8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824 | Younger brother of Louis XVI; restored to the throne. | 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 ----Attempted to rule under a constitutional monarchy. Last French monarch to die while still reigning | ||
| Charles X | 16 September 1824– 2 August 1830 | Younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII | 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ----Leader of the Ultra-royalists; attempted to return to the Ancien Régime. Abdicated in favour of his grandson Henry after the July Revolution. | ||
| Louis XIX | 2 August 1830 | Son of Charles X | 6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844 ----Allegedly king for 20 minutes; later legitimist pretender to the throne. | ||
| Henry V | 2–9 August 1830 | Grandson of Charles X | 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883 ----Later legitimist pretender to the throne. Died in exile several years later |
House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)
The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the July Revolution of 1830, which deposed Charles X and replaced him with Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V, but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled.Charles X named Louis Philippe as Lieutenant général du royaume, a regent to the young Henry V, and charged him to announce his desire to have his grandson succeed him to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the French Parliament at the time, the French equivalent at the time of the UK House of Commons. Louis Philippe did not do this, in order to increase his own chances of succession. As a consequence, and because the French parliamentarians were aware of his liberal policies and of his popularity at the time with the French population, they proclaimed Louis Philippe as the new French king, displacing the senior branch of the House of Bourbon.
| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Louis Philippe I "the Citizen King" | 9 August 1830– 24 February 1848 | Sixth-generation descendant of Louis XIII and distant cousin of Charles X; proclaimed king by the Chamber of Deputies after the abdication of Charles X during the July Revolution | 6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850 ----Styled as King of the French. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the Second Republic. Abdicated in favour of his grandson | ||
| Louis Philippe II | 24–26 February 1848 | Grandson of Louis-Philippe I | 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894 ---- Chosen by Louis Philippe I to be his successor, however the National Assembly refused to recognize him as king and proclaimed the Second Republic. Later Orléanist pretender to the throne. |
House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)
The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French under the regnal name of Napoleon III. He would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War, becoming the last monarch to rule France.| Portrait | Name | Arms | Reign | Succession | Life details |
| Napoleon III | 2 December 1852– 4 September 1870 | Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after 1851 coup d'état | 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873 ----Captured by the German army on 2 September 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic. |
Later pretenders
Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France and of one another. These groups are:- Legitimist claimants to the throne of France: Descendants of Louis XIV through the senior branch of the House of Bourbon, claiming precedence over the House of Bourbon-Orléans by virtue of primogeniture. In 1883, these were split into two factions as Henri V died without heirs, and his successor as head of the House of Bourbon would have a Spanish Bourbon. Earlier, King Philip V of Spain had earlier renounced the throne of France for himself and his descendants in the Peace of Utrecht. One faction were the Unionists, who recognized the Orléanist claimant Philippe as the pretender to the throne of France and disqualifying the Spanish branch from succession; the other were the Blancs d'Espagne, who insisted that claimant to the throne would remain to be from the Spanish branch according to primogeniture, disregarding the Spanish renunciation.
- Orléanist claimants to the throne of France: Descendants of Louis-Phillippe, himself descended from a junior line of the Bourbon dynasty, rejecting all heads of state since 1848. They argue that King Louis Philippe acquired legitimacy via popular sovereignty when the representatives of the French people in the French Parliament recognized him as king, with the Bourbons having already been rejected and dethroned by the French people after two revolutions.
- Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France: Descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48 and since 1870. They argue that the Imperial throne needs to return to the House of Bonaparte, as the monarchs of this house had been chosen directly by the people through referendums, giving them legitimacy to reign via popular sovereignty, and both the Bourbons and the Orléans were rejected and dethroned through revolutions and that the Bonapartes were only dethroned due the interference of foreign enemies, with no popular revolution taking place to overthrow the Bonapartes and that the Third Republic was originally intended to be a provisional regime to return the throne to an Orléans or Bourbon.
- English claimants to the throne of France: kings of England and later of Great Britain.
- Jacobite claimants to the throne of France: senior heirs-general of Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne, also claiming England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Timeline
ImageSize = width:1600 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:3 bottom:50 right:150 left:20
AlignBars = late
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:843 till:1871
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:900
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:850
Colors =
id:canvas value:white
id:carolingian value:rgb
id:robertian value:skyblue
id:bosonid value:rgb
id:capet value:darkblue
id:valois value:oceanblue
id:lancaster value:red
id:bourbon value:rgb
id:orleans value:green
id:bonaparte value:purple
id:republic value:rgb
id:eon value:black
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
BarData =
bar:CharlesIIandI
bar:LouisII
bar:LouisIII
bar:CarlomanII
bar:CharlesIIIandII
bar:Odo
bar:CharlesIII
bar:RobertI
bar:Rudolph
bar:LouisIV
bar:Lothair
bar:LouisV
bar:Hugh
bar:RobertII
bar:HenryI
bar:PhilipI
bar:LouisVI
bar:LouisVII
bar:PhilipII
bar:LouisVIII
bar:LouisIX
bar:PhilipIII
bar:PhilipIV
bar:LouisX
bar:JohnI
bar:PhilipV
bar:CharlesIV
bar:PhilipVI
bar:JohnII
bar:CharlesV
bar:CharlesVI
bar:CharlesVII
bar:HenryVILancaster
bar:LouisXI
bar:CharlesVIII
bar:LouisXII
bar:FrancisI
bar:HenryII
bar:FrancisII
bar:CharlesIX
bar:HenryIII
bar:HenryIV
bar:HenryD
bar:LouisXIII
bar:LouisXIV
bar:LouisXV
bar:LouisXVI
bar:LouisXVII
bar:NapoleonI
bar:LouisXVIII
bar:NapoleonII
bar:CharlesX
bar:LouisXIX
bar:HenryV
bar:LouisPhilipI
bar:LouisPhilipII
bar:NapoleonIII
bar:Space
bar:eon
PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift: anchor:till
bar:CharlesIIandI
from:843 till: 877 color:carolingian text:"Charles the Bald"
bar:LouisII
from:877 till: 879 color:carolingian text:"Louis the Stammerer"
bar:LouisIII
from:879 till: 882 color:carolingian text:"Louis III"
bar:CarlomanII
from:882 till: 884 color:carolingian text:"Carloman_II"
bar:CharlesIIIandII
from:882 till: 888 color:carolingian text:"Charles the Fat"
bar:Odo
from:888 till: 898 color:robertian text:"Odo of Paris"
bar:CharlesIII
from:898 till: 922 color:carolingian text:"Charles the Simple"
bar:RobertI
from:922 till: 923 color:robertian text:"Robert I"
bar:Rudolph
from:923 till: 936 color:bosonid text:"Rudolph"
bar:LouisIV
from:936 till:954 color:carolingian text:"Louis of Outremer"
bar:Lothair
from:954 till:986 color:carolingian text:"Lothair"
bar:LouisV
from:986 till:987 color:carolingian text:"Louis V"
bar:Hugh
from:987 till:996 color:capet text:"Hugh Capet"
bar:RobertII
from:996 till:1031 color:capet text:"Robert II"
bar:HenryI
from:1031 till:1060 color:capet text:"Henry I"
bar:PhilipI
from:1060 till:1108 color:capet text:"Philip I"
bar:LouisVI
from:1108 till:1137 color:capet text:"Louis VI"
bar:LouisVII
from:1137 till:1180 color:capet text:"Louis VII"
bar:PhilipII
from:1180 till:1223 color:capet text:"Philip II Augustus"
bar:LouisVIII
from:1223 till:1226 color:capet text:"Louis VIII"
bar:LouisIX
from:1226 till:1270 color:capet text:"Louis IX"
bar:PhilipIII
from:1270 till:1285 color:capet text:"Philip III"
bar:PhilipIV
from:1285 till:1314 color:capet text:"Philip IV"
bar:LouisX
from:1314 till:1316 color:capet text:"Louis X"
bar:JohnI
from:1316 till:1316 color:capet text:"John I"
bar:PhilipV
from:1316 till:1322 color:capet text:"Philip V"
bar:CharlesIV
from:1322 till:1328 color:capet text:"Charles IV"
bar:PhilipVI
from:1328 till:1350 color:valois text:"Philip VI"
bar:JohnII
from:1350 till:1364 color:valois text:"John II"
bar:CharlesV
from:1364 till:1380 color:valois text:"Charles V"
bar:CharlesVI
from:1380 till:1422 color:valois text:"Charles VI"
bar:CharlesVII
from:1422 till:1461 color:valois text:"Charles VII"
bar:HenryVILancaster
from:1422 till:1453 color:lancaster text:"Henry "
bar:LouisXI
from:1461 till:1483 color:valois text:"Louis XI"
bar:CharlesVIII
from:1483 till:1498 color:valois text:"Charles VIII"
bar:LouisXII
from:1498 till:1515 color:valois text:"Louis XII"
bar:FrancisI
from:1515 till:1547 color:valois text:"Francis I"
bar:HenryII
from:1547 till:1559 color:valois text:"Henry II"
bar:FrancisII
from:1559 till:1560 color:valois text:"Francis II"
bar:CharlesIX
from:1560 till:1574 color:valois text:"Charles IX"
bar:HenryIII
from:1574 till:1589 color:valois text:"Henry III"
bar:HenryIV
from:1589 till:1610 color:bourbon text:"Henry IV"
bar:HenryD
from:1589 till:1590 color:bourbon text:"Charles "
bar:LouisXIII
from:1610 till:1643 color:bourbon text:"Louis XIII"
bar:LouisXIV
from:1643 till:1715 color:bourbon text:"Louis XIV"
bar:LouisXV
from:1715 till:1774 color:bourbon text:"Louis XV"
bar:LouisXVI
from:1774 till:1792 color:bourbon text:"Louis XVI"
bar:LouisXVII
from:1792 till:1795 color:bourbon text:"Louis XVII "
bar:NapoleonI
from:1804 till:1814 color:bonaparte
from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:"Napoleon I"
bar:LouisXVIII
from:1815 till:1815 color:bourbon
from:1815 till:1825 color:bourbon text:"Louis XVIII"
bar:NapoleonII
from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:"Napoleon II "
bar:CharlesX
from:1824 till:1830 color:bourbon text:"Charles X"
bar:LouisXIX
from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:"Louis "
bar:HenryV
from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:"Henry "
bar:LouisPhilipI
from:1830 till:1848 color:orleans text:"Louis Philippe I"
bar:LouisPhilipII
from:1848 till:1848 color:orleans text:"Louis Philippe II "
bar:NapoleonIII
from:1852 till:1870 color:bonaparte text:"Napoleon III"
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark: width:6 shift:
bar:eon color:eon
from: 843 till: 888 color:carolingian text:Carolingian
shift:
from: 888 till: 898 color:robertian text:Robertian
from: 898 till: 922 color:carolingian
from: 922 till: 923 color:robertian
shift:
from: 923 till: 936 color:bosonid text:Bosonid
from: 936 till: 987 color:carolingian
shift:
from: 987 till: 1328 color:capet text:Capet
from: 1328 till: 1589 color:valois text:Valois
from: 1589 till: 1792 color:bourbon text:Bourbon
from: 1792 till: 1804 color:republic
shift:
from: 1804 till: 1814 color:bonaparte text:Bonaparte
from: 1814 till: 1815 color:bourbon
from: 1815 till: 1815 color:bonaparte
from: 1815 till: 1830 color:bourbon
shift:
from: 1830 till: 1848 color:orleans text:Orléans
from: 1848 till: 1852 color:republic
from: 1852 till: 1871 color:bonaparte
barset:skip
Coronations
Main bibliography
- Jacquin, Emmanuel, Les Tuileries, Du Louvre à la Concorde, Editions du Patrimoine, Centres des Monuments Nationaux, Paris.
Secondary bibliography