French cruiser Roland
Roland was an unprotected cruiser of the built for the French Navy in the 1870s, the fourth and final member of the class. The ships were designed for service in the French colonial empire, and they carried a relatively heavy battery of fifteen guns, and could steam at a speed of. The ship was laid down in 1877 and she was completed in 1884. She was deployed to East Asia during the Sino-French War in January 1885, but the conflict had ended by the time she arrived. After completing her tour in East Asian waters, she served a stint in the North Atlantic Squadron from 1890, a role she filled for much of the decade, between periods out of service in reserve. Roland was ultimately struck from the naval register in 1897 and sold for scrap the following year.
Design
The four ships of the were ordered under the auspices of the naval plan of 1872, which was laid out to modernize the French Navy in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. The navy sought new unprotected cruisers that carried a heavier armament than earlier vessels, while maintaining a similar size to keep costs from increasing during a period of limited naval budgets. The design for the ships was drawn up by Victorin Sabattier. The vessels were intended to serve overseas in the French colonial empire.Roland was long at the waterline, with a beam of and an average draft of. She displaced as designed. The ship had a ram bow and an overhanging stern. Her crew amounted to 269 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a single compound steam engine driving a screw propeller. Steam was provided by six coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into a single funnel. Her machinery was rated to produce for a top speed of. At a more economical speed of, the ship could steam for.
The ship was armed with a main battery of fifteen M1870M 21.3-caliber guns. Two were placed in the forecastle, firing through embrasures as chase guns, one was atop the stern, and the remainder were placed in an amidships battery on the upper deck, six guns per broadside. Of the broadside guns, the forward three on each side were placed in sponsons, while the remaining three guns were in pivot mounts firing through embrasures. A pair of Hotchkiss revolver cannon provided close-range defense against torpedo boats. She also carried a pair of bronze mountain guns or a single field gun that could be sent ashore with a landing party.
Service history
The keel for Roland was laid down at the Arsenal de Cherbourg on 2 July 1877, though some assembly work had already begun on 8 May; she was the last member of the class to be built. The ship, named after Rear Admiral Pierre-Nicolas Rolland, was launched on 14 October 1882. She was commissioned to begin sea trials on 25 March 1884, including full power testing carried out on 15 July. The ship was pronounced completed the following month, and on 1 August she was allocated to the 2nd category of reserve. She was transferred to the 3rd category of reserve on 5 November, before being commissioned on 21 January 1885 for a deployment to French Indochina in East Asia during the Sino-French War.The ship was sent to reinforce the Escadre de l'Extrême-Orient, along with the ironclad warship and the cruisers,,, and, and several gunboats and smaller craft. The ships departed Brest on 21 February and stopped in Algiers, French Algeria, on 3 March while en route. By 25 April, they had arrived on station in French Indochina, though a preliminary peace agreement had already been signed on 4 April, so the ships saw no action during the war. After the end of the war in June, many of the French vessels were either recalled home or dispersed to other stations, but Roland remained in the unit, along with the ironclads, Turenne, and, the cruisers, Primauguet and, and two gunboats.
In 1890, the ship had been assigned to the North Atlantic Squadron, along with the unprotected cruisers,, and and the sloop. At some point thereafter, Roland was laid up, before being reactivated in September 1894 to relieve Magon on the North Atlantic Squadron. The following year, the unit consisted of Roland, the cruiser, and a sloop. She was still in service on the North American station in 1896, along with the unprotected cruiser. The following year, Roland was replaced by the unprotected cruiser. Roland was struck from the naval register on 19 May 1897 and sold at Lorient on 5 November 1898 to be broken up.