Franz Graf von Wimpffen


Franz Emil Lorenz Heeremann Graf von Wimpffen was an Austrian General and Admiral who served as Administrative Head of the Austro-Hungarian Navy from 1851 to 1854.

Military career

Franz von Wimpffen was born in Prague on 2 April 1797, the son of Karl Franz Eduard von Wimpffen, who served as Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff, and his wife, Princess Victoria von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, widow of Landgrave Karl of Hesse-Philippsthal. He was the owner of Kainberg, Reitenau, and Eichberg castles and estates in Austria and, as a Roman Catholic, was a Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
He was commissioned Unterleutnant in October 1813 and served as an artillery officer during the last three years of the Napoleonic Wars, in the German campaign of 1813, the French campaign of 1814, and the Neapolitan War in 1815.
Promoted Generalmajor in 1838, he was given command of a brigade in Trieste. Wimpffen was made commander of a division of II Army Corps in Italy in 1846 with the rank of Feldmarschall-leutnant. He distinguished himself in the 1848 campaign at Vicenza and Custoza. Later, in the Papal States he compelled by bombardment the surrender of Bologna and Ancona.
In October 1849 Wimpffen was named Civil and Military Governor of Trieste and Governor of the Küstenland, the region that included the Istrian Peninsula, with the rank of Feldzeugmeister.
Upon the resignation of Hans Birch Dahlerup in August 1851, Wimpffen was named his successor as Oberkommandant der Marine. During his tenure, the development of the naval base of Pola was accelerated and a new Imperial and Royal Naval Cadet School at Fiume was planned to be built there.
In September 1854, Wimpffen was dismissed as Oberkommandant der Marine by Emperor Franz Josef against the advice of his military advisers. Wimpffen instead took command of I Army Corps. He was succeeded as Head of the Navy by Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria, the younger brother of Franz Josef.
However well he had performed as Administrative Head of the Navy, Wimpffen was known in military circles as "the General who had never won a battle". In the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, after the defeat at Magenta on 4 June, he seconded the decision of Gyulai, the Austrian commander, to retreat across the Mincio to Mantua, leaving Milan and all of Lombardy to the Sardinians and French. Gyulai was dismissed on 16 June by Franz Josef, who assumed command of the field army with Wimpffen in command of the Cavalry.
At Solferino, Wimpffen and his men fought valiantly, but the Austrians were defeated. The carnage of the battle was so severe that it was soon followed by an armistice and then peace negotiations.
In 1861, Wimpffen was retired with the rank of Generalfeldzeugmeister and became an Imperial and Royal Advisor to the Emperor of Austria.
He died on 26 November 1870 at Görz, and was buried at the crypt of the Eichberg castle chapel, in Austria, together with his wife.

Marriage and children

On 5 October 1825, he married Baroness Maria Anna Marianne Cecilia Bernhardine von Eskeles, who converted from Judaism to Catholicism, in Hietzing, Austria. She was born at the Palais Eskeles, Vienna, Austria, on 2 March 1802, daughter of Bernhard von Eskeles and wife Caecilie (Zipperche) Itzig, from whom she inherited a fortune in stocks and bonds, and died in Munich, Bavaria, on 10 August 1862.
They had :

Terminology note