Formative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation is a scholarly work, published in 2013 in ''American Journal of Evaluation''. The main subjects of the publication include causal inference, accountability, psychology, computer science, process management, program evaluation, formative assessment, educational inequality, selection bias, selection (genetic algorithm), and management science. The authors illustrate the application of rigorous methods to estimate preliminary program effects and rule out alternative explanations for preliminary effects, including site selection bias, individual selection bias, and resentful demoralization through the evaluation of the Collaborative Project, a North Carolina educational improvement project that incorporated multiple components aimed at boosting student achievement. .