Flag of Batak

The Flag of Batak is a tricolour flag consisting of the colours white, red, and black. The three colours, also known as Bonang Manalu, Sitolu Warna, or Tiga Bolit, are the main colours of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia.
The Bonang Manalu flag doesn't have a fixed pattern scheme. While the white, red, and black pattern is widely used, there are other accepted variants too:

Colours and symbolism

The Bonang Manalu colours is a prominent symbol and closely tied to Batak culture, they appear as the main colours in gorga motifs, ulos, and more. The colours has been interpreted as such:

White represents purity, truth, and honesty
Red represents bravery, solidarity, and unity
Black represents strength, firmness, and leadership

The white-red-black variant of the Bonang Matalu is also an implementation of the values of Batak mythology:

White representing the Upper World where Gods live
Red representing the Middle World '' where mortals live
Black representing the Lower World where spirits and ghosts live

These colours can also be an interpretation of the day cycle: morning, noon, and night.

Uses

The flag is used by the Batak people not as a symbol of separatism but a symbol of ethnic and cultural identity. The Bonang Manalu flag can be seen in sacred Batak places such as Pusuk Buhit.