First All-Union Congress of Soviets


The First All-Union Congress of Soviets was a congress of representatives of Soviets of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies, held on 30 December 1922 in Moscow. The congress was attended by 2,215 delegates. Kalinin was elected chairman of the congress, but Vladimir Lenin, who was not present at the congress due to illness, was elected honorary chairman of the congress. Over 90% of the delegates were members of the Russian Communist Party; two were left-wing social federalists of the Caucasus, one was an anarchist, and two were members of the Jewish Social Democratic Party.
The congress approved the Declaration and the Treaty on the Formation of a New State – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Four states have united in the Soviet Union: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. In addition, the congress elected the Central [Executive Committee of the Soviet Union].

Order of the day

  1. Consideration of the Declaration on the Formation of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Joseph Stalin.
  2. Consideration of the Treaty on the Formation of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Joseph Stalin.
  3. Election of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Avel Yenukidze.

Congress decisions

Elected at the congress

Accepted documents

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  • Decisions:

Main outcome of the congress

The Congress made official the formal foundation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was this congress that formalized its foundation by the passage of the Union Treaty, which would serve as a provisional constitution until the passage of a proper constitution for the new federal republic by the Congress.