| Year recorded | Title | Label | Notes |
| 1993 | New York-Barcelona Crossing, Volumen 1 | Fresh Sound | Quartet, co-led with Perico Sambeat, Mario Rossy, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 1993 | New York-Barcelona Crossing, Volumen 2 | Fresh Sound | Quartet, co-led with Perico Sambeat, Mario Rossy, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 1993 | When I Fall in Love | Fresh Sound | Trio, as "Mehldau & Rossy Trio", with Mario Rossy, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 1994 | Consenting Adults | Criss Cross | Quintet, as "MTB", with Mark Turner, Peter Bernstein, Larry Grenadier, Leon Parker ; released 2000 |
| 1995 | Introducing Brad Mehldau | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy on most tracks; Christian McBride, Brian Blade on some |
| 1996 | The Art of the Trio Volume One | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy |
| 1996 | Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz | Jazz Alliance | Solo piano; duo with Marian McPartland ; conversation; radio broadcast, released on CD in 2007 |
| 1997 | Live at the Village Vanguard: The Art of the Trio Volume Two | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 1998 | Songs: The Art of the Trio Volume Three | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy |
| 1999 | Elegiac Cycle | Warner Bros. | Solo piano |
| 1999 | Art of the Trio 4: Back at the Vanguard | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 2000 | Places | Warner Bros. | Some solo piano; some trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy |
| 2000 | Progression: The Art of the Trio, Vol. 5 | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy ; in concert |
| 2002 | Largo | Warner Bros. | With Larry Grenadier, Justin Meldal-Johnsen, Darek Oleszkiewicz, Matt Chamberlain, Jim Keltner, Jorge Rossy, Victor Indrizzo, Jon Brion, various others ; Mehldau also plays vibraphone |
| 2002 | Anything Goes | Warner Bros. | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy |
| 2003 | Live in Tokyo | Nonesuch | Solo piano; in concert |
| 2002–05 | House on Hill | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jorge Rossy |
| 2005 | Day Is Done | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2005 | Metheny Mehldau | Nonesuch | Duo, co-led with Pat Metheny ; some quartet tracks, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard added |
| 2005 | Metheny Mehldau Quartet | Nonesuch | Quartet, co-led with Pat Metheny, Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard ; some duo tracks, with Metheny |
| 2006 | Brad Mehldau Trio Live | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2006 | Love Sublime | Nonesuch | Duo, co-led with Renée Fleming |
| 2006 | Live in Marciac | Nonesuch | Solo piano, in concert |
| 2007 | Long Ago and Far Away | Impulse! | Duo, co-led with Charlie Haden ; in concert; released 2018 |
| 2009 | Highway Rider | Nonesuch | With Joshua Redman, Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard, Matt Chamberlain, The Fleurettes, orchestra; Mehldau also plays various other instruments |
| 2010 | Love Songs | Naïve | Duo, co-led with Anne Sofie von Otter |
| 2010 | Modern Music | Nonesuch | Duo, co-led with Kevin Hays |
| 2008–11 | Ode | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2008–11 | Where Do You Start | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2011 | Nearness | Nonesuch | Duo, with Joshua Redman |
| 2013 | Variations on a Melancholy Theme | Nonesuch | With Orpheus Chamber Orchestra; released 2021 |
| 2014* | Mehliana: Taming the Dragon | Nonesuch | Duo, as "Mehliana", co-led with Mark Guiliana ; Mehldau also plays synthesizers, Fender Rhodes |
| 2004–14 | 10 Years Solo Live | Nonesuch | Solo piano; in concert |
| 2012–14 | Blues and Ballads | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2012–14 | Seymour Reads the Constitution! | Nonesuch | Trio, with Larry Grenadier, Jeff Ballard |
| 2015–16 | Chris Thile & Brad Mehldau | Nonesuch | Duo, with Chris Thile |
| 2017 | After Bach | Nonesuch | Solo piano |
| 2017–18 | Finding Gabriel | Nonesuch | With Ambrose Akinmusire, Chris Cheek, Charles Pillow, Joel Frahm, Michael Thomas, Sara Caswell, Lois Martin, Noah Hoffeld, Mark Guiliana, Aaron Nevezie, Kurt Elling, Gabriel Kahane, "Snorts" Malibu and Becca Stevens |
| 2020 | Suite: April 2020 | Nonesuch | Solo piano |
| 2020 | Your Mother Should Know: Brad Mehldau Plays The Beatles | Nonesuch | Solo piano; in concert |
| 2020–21 | Jacob's Ladder | Nonesuch | With various; Mehldau plays multiple instruments |
| 2022 | The Folly of Desire | Pentatone | Duo, with Ian Bostridge |
| 2017–23 | After Bach II | Nonesuch | Solo piano |
| 2023 | Après Fauré | Nonesuch | Solo piano |
| 2023 | Solid Jackson | Criss Cross | Quintet, as "MTB", with Mark Turner, Peter Bernstein, Larry Grenadier, Bill Stewart |
| 2025 | Ride into the Sun | Nonesuch | With John Davis, Matt Chamberlain, Daniel Rossen, Chris Thile, Felix Moseholm, orchestra |