GM Family 1 engine
The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on small to mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. The engine first appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and shortly afterwards in its Vauxhall badged sister – the Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in 1980. Despite this, the previous Opel OHV engine continued to be sold in entry level versions of the Opel Kadett/Astra and Corsa throughout the 1980s.
The Family I is informally known as the "small block", since it shares its basic design and architecture with the larger Family II unit, which covers the mid range and higher engine capacities up to 2400cc.
Originally produced at the Aspern engine plant, production was moved to the Szentgotthárd engine plant in Hungary with the introduction of the DOHC version. GM do Brasil at São José dos Campos, GMDAT at Bupyeong and GM North America at Toluca also build these engines. The Family II units, by contrast were manufactured by Holden in Australia.
Design
The Family 1 engines are inline-four cylinder engines with belt-driven single or double overhead camshafts in an aluminum cylinder head with a cast iron engine block. GM do Brasil versions were also capable of running on ethanol. These engines share their basic design with the larger Family II engine – for this reason some consider the Family I and Family II to be the same series and instead use the terms 'small block' and 'large block' to distinguish between the two. Over the years there has been overlap between the two types as the smallest capacities of the Family II have also been manufactured with larger capacity versions of the Family I block.Early build versions of the engine gained a notorious reputation for camshaft and follower failure – this was largely due to a special lubricant being used in the engine during the running in period, which would be changed for conventional oil at the first service. Many owners would often exacerbate the problem by changing the oil themselves within the running in period. Opel solved the problem by improving the metallurgy of the camshaft and followers, and changing the lubrication specification. Another issue, revolved around the water pump, which sits in an eccentric shaped housing and doubles as the timing belt tensioner. If poor quality antifreeze, corrosion would jam the water pump in its housing making it impossible to tension the belt. Later versions of the engine incorporate a separate tensioning/jockey pulley for tensioning the belt.
GM do Brasil specializes in SOHC, petrol-powered and FlexPower engines. GM Brasil also made 16-valve versions of the 1.0 engine. The 1.0 L 16v was available in the Corsa line-up from 1999 to 2001.
SOHC
the first versions of the Family I appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and the corresponding Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in the spring of 1980.1.0
The version has a bore and a stroke.| Engine | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications | Notes |
| C10YEH | at 6400 rpm | at 3000 rpm | Multi-point fuel injection | Multec | |||
| X10YFL | at 6400 rpm | at 5200 rpm | 12.6:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | Multec FR4 | Higher outputs when using ethanol | |
| X10YFH | at 6400 rpm | at 3200 rpm | 12.6:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | Motronic 7.9.9 | Higher outputs when using ethanol | |
| N10YFH | at 6400 rpm | at 3200 rpm | 12.6:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | Multec MT27E | Higher outputs when using ethanol |
1.2
There are two iterations of the 1.2-liter Family 1 engine. As originally introduced it was called the 12ST, it used a bore and a stroke to produce a displacement of. This version, only carburetted, was used in the Opel Corsa. In around 1990 a new, version with bore and stroke, a narrower bore version of the existing 1.3-litre version, displacing, replaced the original design. This was also available with single-point fuel injection and with catalytic converters.1.3
The version has a bore and a stroke.| Engine | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
| 13N | at 5800 rpm | at 3800 rpm | ||||
| 13Nb | at 5800 rpm | at 3200 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| 13S | at 5800 rpm | at 3800–4600 rpm | ||||
| 13SB | at 5800 rpm | at 3800–4200 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| 13SH | at 5800 rpm | at 4200 rpm | 9,5:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | Bosch LE-Jetronic | Opel Corsa A |
1.4
The version has a bore and a stroke.| Engine | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
| 14NV | at 5600 rpm at 5600 rpm | at 3000 rpm | 9.4:1 | Pierburg 2E3 twin barrel carburettor | ||
| C14NZ | at 5600 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 9.4:1 | Single-point fuel injection | ||
| C14SE | at 5800 rpm | at 3400 rpm | 9.8:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | ||
| Chevrolet Kalos/Aveo | ||||||
| X14YFL | 12.4:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | ||||
| X14YFH | at 6000 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 12.4:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | ||
| X14YFH | at 6200 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 12.4:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | 2013–2019 Chevrolet Prisma Mk II | |
| N14YF | at 6000 rpm | at 3200 rpm | 12.4:1 | Multi-point fuel injection |
1.6
The version has a bore and an stroke.| Engine | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
| C16NZ | at 5200 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 9.2:1 | Single-point Fuel Injection | ||
| C16NE | at 5600 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 9.2:1 | multi-point fuel injection | 1997-2004 Chevrolet Chevy | |
| C16SE | at 5800 rpm | at 3400 rpm | 9.8:1 | multi-point fuel injection | ||
| C16SEI | at 5600 rpm | at 3400 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| E16SE | at 5800 rpm | at 3400 rpm | Opel Corsa A | |||
| L73 | at 5600 rpm | at 2800 rpm | 8.6:1 | throttle-body fuel injection | ||
| G16SF | 92 hp at 5600 rpm | throttle-body fuel injection | GM Multec Central | 1988–1993 Pontiac LeMans LS 1988–1991 Passport Optima | ||
| Y16NE | at 5600 rpm | at 3200 rpm | 9.4:1 | multi-point fuel injection | 2004-2012 Chevrolet Chevy | |
| Z16SE | at 5400 rpm | at 2600 rpm | 9.6:1 | multi-point fuel injection | ||
| L91 | at 6400 rpm | at 3800 rpm | 10.8:1 | multi-point fuel injection | ||
| X16SZ | 52 kW at 5000 rpm | 128 Nm at 2800 rpm | 10.0:1 | Single-point fuel injection | Multec-SZ | Opel Vectra A Opel Astra F |
| 16SV | 82 bhp at 5400 rpm | 130 N⋅m at 2600 rpm | Carburettor | Vauxhall Cavalier MK3 MK2 Astra |
1.8
The version has an bore and an stroke.| Engine | Power | Torque | Compression Ratio | Fuel Delivery | Engine Management | Applications |
| N18XFH | at 5600 rpm | at 3200 rpm | 10.5:1 | Multi-point fuel injection | ||
| F18S2 | 98-102 hp at 5200 rpm | 146-149 Nm at 2800 rpm | multi-point fuel injection | Chevrolet Rezzo Daewoo Tacuma Daewoo Leganza |
Applications:
- Chevrolet Corsa
- Chevrolet Montana
- Opel Meriva
- Fiat Palio
- Fiat Siena
- Fiat Strada
- Fiat Idea
- Fiat Punto
- Fiat Stilo
SPE / 4
| Name | Displacement | Bore | Stroke | Compression Ratio | Power | Torque | Applications |
| 1.0 L | 12.4:1 | ||||||
| 1.4 L | 12.4:1 |