Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve
Fairburn Ings Nature Reserve is a protected area in West Yorkshire, England, noted for its avian biodiversity.
The reserve has recorded around 280 bird species, remarkable for an inland site in the United Kingdom. This is explained by the site being on migration routes as well as the diversity of habitats.
History
It was designated a local nature reserve in 1957 under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act. Since the late 1970s it has been managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds on behalf of the local naturalists who set it up.Geography
The reserve is in the Lower Aire Valley, south and west of Fairburn, near Castleford. It includes the whole of Fairburn & Newton Ings SSSI. It is also a Statutory Bird Sanctuary with a focus mainly on wildfowl and waders, although many other birds can be seen.The word ings is of Old Norse origin and means "damp or marshy land that floods", a reference to the area being flooded regularly by the River Aire. Lying alongside the River Aire, the nature reserve includes a large lake and a number of smaller lakes, ponds and dikes. The area has been the scene of industrial and mining operations for 150 years, and, although the valley floods naturally, the permanent waterbodies are the result of subsidence of former coal-mine workings, up to underground, providing habitats for wildfowl and many other birds.
The site is bordered by predominantly arable farmland to the north and east, and urban environments to the south and west. One third of the site has been developed from 26 million cubic metres of colliery spoil which have been landscaped to create a large complex of herb rich grassland, wetlands and woodland.
Habitats at Fairburn Ings include flood meadows, wet fenland, marsh and reed bed, woodland and scrub. Listed in terms of the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan, the reserve contains:
- UK BAP habitats:
- *mesotrophic lakes,
- *reedbed,
- *lowland meadow.
- BAP species of these habitats include: grey partridge, European turtle dove, Eurasian skylark, song thrush, Eurasian tree sparrow, linnet, Eurasian bullfinch, reed bunting, corn bunting, water vole and pipistrelle bat.