Ezra 10


Ezra 10 is the tenth and final chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the tenth chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE is the final author of these books. The section comprising chapters 7 to 10 mainly describes the activities of Ezra the scribe and the priest. This chapter and the previous one deal with the problem of intermarriage, especially the solution of it, ending with a list of those who sent away their "foreign" wives and children; a somber note which finds relief in the Book of Nehemiah, as the continuation of the Book of Ezra.

Text

This chapter is divided into 44 verses. The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Alexandrinus.
An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras containing some parts of 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra–Nehemiah. 1 Esdras 8:91-9:36 is equivalent to Ezra 10, recounting how the returned captives agreed to the putting away of their foreign wives and children.

The consensus (verses 1–6)

Ezra's public humiliation and prayer attracted a group of people who joined him in "demonstrations of sorrow over the sins of Israel", and as a result, they made a consensus of the resolution.

Verse 1

The Hebrew shows that the people were assembling during Ezra's prayer. The Jerusalem Bible describes the prayer of Ezra as "also a sermon".

Verse 2

The people acknowledged that they been unfaithful to God, in breach of the law. The laws to which Ezra must have referred would have been those found in, and. These passages contain prohibitions, very similar in character, directed against intermarriage with the nations that dwelt in Canaan, on the ground that such marriages would inevitably lead to idolatry and to the abominations connected with idolatrous worship.

Verse 5

Although Ezra has been given Persian authority, his choice of action to make the leaders, priests, Levites, and all Israel "swear an oath" to abide by a covenantal agreement reflects "internal politics", in contrast to Nehemiah, who prefers 'to command and order'.

The assembly (verses 7–15)

The whole community was assembled "in the street of the house of God" to "confront the intermarriage issue and to decide on the divorce proposal".

The commission (verses 16–17)

Following the majority opinion, Ezra appointed a commission by selecting 'men who were family heads' to form the official investigation of the intermarriage cases.

The guilty (verses 18–44)

After the results of the commission's investigation were announced, an official list was created to record "those found guilty of marrying pagan women".