Ezekiel 28

Ezekiel 28 is the twenty-eighth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a prophecy against the king of Tyre and a prophecy against neighbouring Sidon, concluding with a promise that Israel will be "delivered from the nations".

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 26 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis, the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets, Aleppo Codex, Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Marchalianus.

Against the Ruler of Tyre (28:1-19)

This part contains an oracle against the ruler of Tyre and a lament over the destruction of the king of Tyre.

Verse 2

"Son of man" : this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.
"Prince" : the Hebrew word has a meaning of "ruler", "leader" of people, tribal "chief", a nobleman. The "king" in is referring to the same person. The leader of Tyre is judged for his pride and self-deification. During Ezekiel's time, this leader would have been the Tyrian king Ittobaal III.
Verse 3

The name "Daniel" may refer to Danel, "a man of renown in ancient literature" or King David's son Daniel. The text in the Jerusalem Bible reads:

Verse 13

Cross reference:,, ; .
"Every precious stone was your covering": comparable to the stones in the "breastpiece of judgement" wore by the High Priest of Israel.
"Sapphire" : "a kind of gem"; "lapis lazuli".
Against Sidon (28:20-23)

This section contains an oracle of Yahweh's judgement against Sidon, another member of the anti-Babylonian alliance, but less important than Tyre, with the ultimate goal, repeated twice in this brief oracle, that they shall acknowledge Yahweh's sovereignty.

Promises to Israel (28:24-26)

Following the oracles against Israel's neighbours, two promises are prophesied to Israel: Israel will cease to be provoked by these neighbours ; having punished Israel's neighbours, Yahweh will restore Israel to its land and his presence to Israel.

Jewish

Christian

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Category:Phoenicians in the Hebrew Bible
Category:History of Tyre, Lebanon
Category:History of Sidon