Euphorinae
The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.
There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.
Description and distribution
Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.Biology
Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Shaw divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae. By Yu et al., the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini. Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al.. Stigenberg et al. treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae. Chen & van Achterberg included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy. In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini. Bendixen & Shaw elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.
Belokobylskij recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.
Genera
The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:Stenope van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018Tribe [Centistini] Čapek, 1970
Allurus Förster, 1862Asiacentistes Belokobylskij, 1995Centistes Haliday, 1835Centistoides van Achterberg, 1992- †Parasyrrhizus Brues, 1933
Tribe [Cosmophorini] Čapek, 1958
Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848Cryptoxilos Viereck, 1911Plynops Shaw, 1996Ropalophorus Curtis, 1837Sinuatophorus van Achterberg, 2000Tuberidelus Chen & van Achterberg, 1997Tribe [Dinocampini] Shaw, 1985
Betelgeuse Shaw, 1988Centistina Enderlein, 1912Dinocampus Förster, 1862Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902Yanayacu Zhang & Chen, 2015Tribe [Eadyini] van Achterberg, 2000
Eadya Huddleston & Short, 1978Tribe [Ecnomiini] van Achterberg, 1985
Ecnomios Mason, 1979Korecnomios Park & van Achterberg, 1994Tribe [Euphorini] Shaw, 1985
Leiophron Nees von Esenbeck, 1818Mama Belokobylskij, 2000Peristenus Förster, 1862Tribe [Helorimorphini] Schmiedeknecht, 1907
Aridelus Marshall, 1887Chrysopophthorus Goidanich, 1948Holdawayella Loan 1967Wesmaelia Förster, 1862Tribe [Myiocephalini] Chen & van Achterberg, 1997
Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897Tribe [Neoneurini] Bengtsson, 1918
Elasmosoma Ruthe, 1858- †Elasmosomites Brues, 1933Euneoneurus Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979Kollasmosoma van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993Neoneurus Haliday, 1838Parelasmosoma Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979
†Tribe [Oncometeorini] Tobias, 1987
- †Oncometeorus Tobias, 1987
Tribe [Perilitini] Förster, 1862
- †Meteorites Brues, 1939Microctonus Wesmael, 1835Notioperilitus Belokobylskij, 2018
- †Onychoura Brues, 1933Orionis Shaw, 1987Perilitus Nees, 1818Rilipertus Haeselbarth, 1996Spathicopis van Achterberg, 1977Stenothremma Shaw, 1984
Tribe [Planitorini] van Achterberg, 1995
Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995Paramannokeraia van Achterberg & Quicke, 2017Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995†Tribe [Prosyntretini] Tobias, 1987
- †Prosyntretus Tobias, 1987