Etymological dictionary
An etymological dictionary discusses the etymology of the words listed. Often, large dictionaries, such as the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's, will contain some etymological information, without aspiring to focus on etymology.
Etymological dictionaries are the product of research in historical linguistics. For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or simply unknown. In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature.
The tradition of compiling "derivations" of words is pre-modern, found for example in Sanskrit, Arabic and also in Western tradition. Etymological dictionaries in the modern sense, however, appear only in the late 18th century, with the understanding of sound laws and language change and their production was an important task of the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century.
Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European language">Indo-European
- August Fick. Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Grundsprache in ihrem Bestande vor der Völkertrennung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht's Verlag, 1868. Second edition: Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. 2 vols., 1870–1871.
- Alois Walde & Julius Pokorny. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. 3 vols. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1927–32.
- Carl Darling Buck. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. University of Chicago Press, 1949.
- Albert Carnoy. Dictionnaire étymologique du proto-indo-européen. Louvain: Publications Universitaires / Institut Orientaliste, 1955.
- Julius Pokorny. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 2 vols. Tübingen–Berne–Munich: A. Francke, 1957/1969. Revision of Walde-Pokorny 1927–32.
- . An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 1984–1987.
- Xavier Delamarre. Le Vocabulaire indo-européen: lexique étymologique thématique. Paris: Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient, 1984.
- Helmut Rix. Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben: Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen, 2nd edn. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2001.
- Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger, & Carolin Schneider. Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2008.
- George E. Dunkel. Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2014.
Albanian">Albanian language">Albanian
- Kolec Topalli. Fjalor etimologjik i gjuhës shqipe. Durrës: Jozef, 2017.
- Vladimir Orel. Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
- Eqrem Çabej. Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes. 7 vols. Tirana: Akademia et Shkencave e Republikës Popullore të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë, 1976–2014.
Anatolian">Anatolian languages">Anatolian (Hittite">Hittite language">Hittite)
- Jaan Puhvel. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. 10 vols. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1984–present.
- Alwin Kloekhorst. Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2008.
Armenian">Armenian language">Armenian
- Hrachia Acharian. . 4 vols. Yerevan: Yerevan State University, 1971.
- Guevorg Djahukian., . Yerevan: International Linguistic Academy, 2010.
- Hrach K. Martirosyan. Etymological dictionary of the Armenian inherited lexicon. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010.
Balto-Slavic">Balto-Slavic languages">Balto-Slavic
- Reinhold Trautmann. Baltisch-Slavisches Wörterbuch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1923.
Baltic">Baltic languages">Baltic
- Rick Derksen. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Latvian">Latvian language">Latvian
- Konstantīns Karulis. Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca. Rīga: Avots, 1992.
Lithuanian">Lithuanian language">Lithuanian
- Ernst Fraenkel, Annemarie Slupski, Erich Hofmann, & Eberhard Tangl, eds. Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962–65.
- Wolfgang Hock et al. Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterburch. 3 vols. Hamburg: Baar Verlag, 2015.
[Old Prussian]
- Erich Berneker. Die preussische Sprache. Texte, Grammatik, etymologisches Wörterbuch. Strassburg: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner, 1896.
- Vytautas Mažiulis. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas, 2nd rev. edn. . Vilnius: Mokslas, 2013.
Slavic">Slavic languages">Slavic
- Franz Miklosich. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der slavischen Sprachen. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1886. 547 pp.
- Erich Berneker. Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 1 vol. and 1st fascicle of 2nd vol.. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908–1914. Unfinished.
- & Mariola Jakubowicz, eds. Słownik prasłowiański. 11 vols.. Wrocław/Warsawa/Kraków/Gdańsk: Zakład narodowy imienia Ossolińskich / Wydawnictwo Polskiey akademii nauk, 1974–present.
- Oleg Trubachov & &, eds. Этимологический словарь славянских языков. Праславянский лексический фонд (Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages: Proto-Slavic Lexical Stock). 42 vols.. Moscow: Nauka, 1974–present.
- Rick Derksen. Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
- Emanuel Klotz. Urslawisches Wörterbuch. Wien: Facultas, 12017, 22023.
Belarusian">Belarusian language">Belarusian
- Belarusian Academy of Sciences. . 14 vols.. Minsk: Belarusian Academy of Sciences, 1978–.
Bulgarian">Bulgarian language">Bulgarian
- Стефанъ Младеновъ. Етимологически и правописенъ речникъ на българския книжовенъ езикъ. София: Книгоиздателство Христо Г. Дановъ - О.О. д-во, 1941.
- Български етимологичен речник. 8 vols.. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bŭlgarskata akademiya na naukite, Akademichno izdatelstvo "Prof. Martin Drinov", 1971–present.
Czech">Czech language">Czech
- J. Holub, F. Kopečný. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: Státní nakladatelství učebnic
- Václav Machek. Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Prague: NLN, Nakladatelství Lidové noviny
- J. Holub, S. Lyer. Stručný etymologický slovník jazyka českého se zvláštním zřetelem k slovům kulturním a cizím. Prague: SPN
- Jiří Rejzek. Český etymologický slovník. Voznice: LEDA
Macedonian">Macedonian language">Macedonian
- . Македонски етимолошки речник. 1 vol.. Скопје: Институт за македонски јазик "Крсте Мисирков", 2025–present.
[Old Church Slavonic]
- ,. Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchslavischen Texten. Heidelberg: Carl Winter; 's-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co., 1955.
- Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského. 21 vols. Prague: Academia, 1989–2022..
Polabian">Polabian language">Polabian
- Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, . Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich. 6 vols. Wrocław / Warszawa / Krawów / Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy imiena Ossolińskich / Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk / Wydawnictwo Energeia, 1962–1994.
Polish">Polish language">Polish
- Aleksander Brückner. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, 2nd edn. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1957.
- Kazimierz Rymut. Nazwiska Polaków: słownik historyczno-etymologiczny. 2 vols. Kraków: Wydawn. Instytutu Języka Polskiego PAN, 1999/2001.
- Andrzej Bańkowski. Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego. 2 vols. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; Częstochowa: Linguard, 2000.
- Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa. Nowy słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2003.
- . Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2005.
- Izabela Malmor. Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Warsaw: ParkEdukacja, 2009.
Russian">Russian language">Russian
- . Этимологический словарь русского языка. Москва: Типография Г. Лисснера и Д. Совко, 1910–1914 – Издательство АН СССР, 1949.
- Max Vasmer. Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1953–58.
- ,,. Краткий этимологический словарь. Москва: Гос. учебно-педагогическое издат. Министерства просвещения РСФСР, 1961. ²1971.
- , . . 11 vols.. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 1963–present.
- . Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка . 2 vols. Moscow: Русский язык. 1993.
- Terence Wade. Russian Etymological Dictionary. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1996.
- Vladimir Orel. Russian Etymological Dictionary. 4 vols. Edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin & Cindy Drover-Davidson. Calgary, Canada: Octavia Press & Theophania Publishing, 2007–2011.
- . Русский этимологический словарь. 18 vols.. Москва: Рукописные памятники Древней Руси, 2007–present.
Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian
- Petar Skok. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika . 4 vols. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1971–4. Edited by Mirko Deanović, Ljudevit Jonke and Valentin Putanec.
- Alemko Gluhak. Hrvatski etimološki rječnik. Zagreb: August Cesarec, 1993.
- Vojmir Vinja. Jadranske etimologije: Jadranske dopune Skokovu etimologijskom rječniku . 4 vols. Zagreb: HAZU, Školska knjiga, 1998–2016.
- Aleksandar Loma, ed. Етимолошки речник српског језика. 4 vols.. Beograd: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 2003–present.
- Ranko Matasović, Tijmen Pronk, Dubravka Ivšić, Dunja Brozović Rončević. Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika. 2 vols. Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, 2016–21.
- Aleksandar Loma, ed. Приручни етимолошки речник српског језика. 1 vol.. Beograd: Institut za srpski jezik SANU, 2023–present.
Slovak">Slovak language">Slovak
- Ľubor Králik. Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny. Bratislava: VEDA, 2015.
Slovene">Slovene language">Slovene
- France Bezlaj Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. 5 vols. Ljubljana: SAZU, 1977–2007.,
- Marko Snoj. Slovenski etimološki slovar. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1997.,
- Metka Furlan. Novi etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika. Rastoči slovar. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, 2017–present.
Sorbian">Sorbian languages">Sorbian
- Heinz Schuster-Šewc. Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache. 5 vols. Bautzen: VEB Domowina-Verlag, 1978–1996.
Ukrainian">Ukrainian language">Ukrainian
- Jaroslav B. Rudnyc'kyj. An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language. 2 vols. Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, 1962–1982.
- Oleksandr Savych Mel'nychuk, ed. . 6 vols.. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1982–present.
Celtic">Celtic languages">Celtic
- Whitley Stokes. Urkeltischer Sprachschatz. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht's Verlag, 1894.
- . Этимологический словарь кельтских теонимов . Москва: Наука, 2006.
- Ranko Matasović. Etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Breton">Breton language">Breton
- Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h. Dictionnaire étymologique du Breton ancien, moyen et moderne. Rennes: Ogam-Celticum, 1973–1975.
- Albert Deshayes. Dictionnaire étymologique du breton. Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, 2003.
Cornish">Cornish language">Cornish
- Enrico Campanile. Profilo etimologico del cornico antico. Pisa: Pacini, 1974.
Old Irish">Old Irish language">Old Irish
- Sanas Cormaic, encyclopedic dictionary, 9th or 10th century
- Joseph Vendryes, E. Bachellery, & Pierre-Yves Lambert. Lexique étymologique de l'irlandais ancien. 7 vols. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; Paris: CNRC Éditions, 1959–1996.
[Scottish Gaelic]
- Alexander MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Inverness: Northern Counties Printing and Publishing Company, 1896,
Germanic">Germanic languages">Germanic
- Frank Heidermanns. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
- Vladimir Orel. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
- Guus Kroonen. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
Danish">Danish language">Danish
- Hjalmar Falk and Alf Torp, Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog. 2 vols. Kristiania: F. Aschenhoug & Co., 1903–1906.
Dutch">Dutch language">Dutch
- Jan de Vries. Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek, 4th edn. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
- Nicoline van der Sijs. Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2nd edn. Orig. by P.A.F. van Veen. Utrecht–Antwerp: Van Dale Lexicografie, 1997.
- Marlies Philippa, Frans Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim, & Nicoline van der Sijs, eds. Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands. 4 vols. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2003–09.
English">English language">English
- Walter William Skeat. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1882.
- Eric Partridge, Origins: A short etymological dictionary of Modern English. New York: Greenwich House, 1958.
- C.T. Onions, ed. The [Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
- Ernest Klein. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–67.
- Terry F. Hoad. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Robert K. Barnhart & Sol Steinmetz, eds. Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson, 1988.
German">German language">German
- Elmar Seebold, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 26th edn. Originally by Friedrich Kluge. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2013.
- Albert Larry Lloyd, Otto Springer, Rosemarie Lühr, eds. Etymologischen Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen. 8 vols.. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1988–present.
- Wolfgang Pfeifer, ed. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 7th edn. Munich: dtv, 2004.
- Gunther Drosdowsi, Paul Grebe, et al., eds. Duden, Das Herkunftswörterbuch: Etymologie der deutschen Sprache, 5th edn. Berlin: Duden, 2013.
- Sabine Krome, ed. Wahrig, Herkunftswörterbuch, 5th edn. Originally by Ursula Hermann. Gütersloh–Munich: Wissenmedia, 2009.
Gothic">Gothic language">Gothic
- Sigmund Feist. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache. Halle a. S.: Max Niemeyer, 1909.
- Winfred P. Lehmann. A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill, 1986.
Icelandic">Icelandic language">Icelandic
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. Íslensk orðsifjabók, 3rd printing with corrections. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans, 1995.
Norwegian">Norwegian language">Norwegian
- Hjalmar Falk and Alf Torp, Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog. 2 vols. Kristiania: F. Aschenhoug & Co., 1903–1906.
- Harald Bjorvand and Fredrik Otto Lindeman, Våre arveord: Etymologisk ordbok. Oslo: Novus Forlag, 2000.
- , Norsk etymologisk ordbok: Tematisk ordnet. Oslo: Kagge Forlag, 2013.
[Old Frisian]
- Dirk Boutkan and Sjoerd Michiel Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2005.
[Old Norse]
- Jan de Vries. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 1957-1960.
Scots">Scots language">Scots
- John Jamieson, An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, revised 1879–97.
Swedish">Swedish language">Swedish
- Elof Hellquist. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Lund: Gleerups, 1922–1980.
- Birgitta Ernby. Norstedts etymologiska ordbok. Stockholm: Norstedts Förlag, 2008.
Greek">Greek language">Greek
[Ancient Greek]
- Walther Prellwitz. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Sprache. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1892.
- . Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Heidelberg: Carl Winter & Paris: Klincksieck, 1916.
- A. Juret. Dictionnaire étymologique grec et latin. Mâcon: Protat Frères, 1942.
- . Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen. München: R. Oldenbourg, 1949.
- Hjalmar Frisk. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1960–72.
- Pierre Chantraine. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: Histoire des mots, 2nd rev. edn. 2 vols. Revised by Jean Taillardat, Olivier Masson, & Jean-Louis Perpillou. Paris: Klincksieck, 2009.
- Robert S. P. Beekes. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
- Rafał Rosół. Frühe semitische Lehnwörter im Griechischen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2013.
[Modern Greek]
- Georgios Babiniotis. Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας . 2 vols. Athens: Κέντρο λεξικογραφίας, 2010.
Indo-Iranian">Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian
[Sanskrit]
- Manfred Mayrhofer. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1992/1998/2001.
- Manfred Mayrhofer. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1956–1976.
Italic">Italic languages">Italic ([Latin])
- Alois Vaniček. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1874.
- Michel Bréal & Anatole Bailly. Dictionnaire étymologique latin. Paris: Libraire Hachette, 1885.
- Alois Walde. Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd edn. 2 vols. Revised by. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1938–54.
- . Altitalisches Wörterbuch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1926.
- Alfred Ernout & Antoine Meillet. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: Histoire des mots, 4th rev. edn. 2 vols. Revised by Jacques André. Paris: Klincksieck, 1985.
- A. Juret. Dictionnaire étymologique grec et latin. Mâcon: Protat Frères, 1942.
- Michiel de Vaan. Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
Romance">Romance languages">Romance
French">French language">French
- Walther von Wartburg & Hans-Erich Keller, eds. Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung des gallormanischen Sprachschatzes. 25 vols. Bonn: Klopp; Heidelberg: Carl Winter; Leipzig–Berlin: Teubner; Basel: R. G. Zbinden, 1922–67.
- Oscar Bloch & Walther von Wartburg. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 2nd edn. Paris: PUF, 1950.
- Albert Dauzat, Jean Dubois, & Henri Mitterand. Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique et historique, 2nd edn. Paris: Larousse, 1964.
- . Dictionnaire étymologique du français. Paris: Le Robert, 1971.
- Emmanuèle Baumgartner & Philippe Ménard. Dictionnaire étymologique et historique de la langue française. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1996.
- Alain Rey, ed. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, 4th edn. 2 vols. Paris: Le Robert, 2016.
Italian">Italian language">Italian
- Manlio Cortelazzo & Paolo Zolli. Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd edn. Bologna: Zanichelli, 2004.
- Alberto Nocentini. L’Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana. With the collaboration of Alessandro Parenti. Milan: Mondadori, 2010.
Portuguese">Portuguese language">Portuguese
- José Pedro Machado. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 3rd edn. 5 vols. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1977.
- Antonio Geraldo da Cunha. Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th edn. Revised by Cláudio Mello Sobrinho. Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ/Lexikon, 2010.
Sardinian">Sardinian language">Sardinian
- Max Leopold Wagner. Dizionario etimologico sardo. 2 vols. Revised by Giulio Paulis. Nuoro: Ilisso, 2008.
- Massimo Pittau. Dizionario della lingua sarda fraseologico ed etimologico. 2 vols. Cagliari: E. Gasperini, 2000–03.
Spanish">Spanish language">Spanish
- Joan Corominas. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. 6 vols. Madrid: Gredos, 1980–91
- Guido Gómez de Silva. Elsevier's Concise Spanish Etymological Dictionary. Amsterdam–NY: Elsevier Sciences, 1985.
- Michel Bénaben. Dictionnaire étymologique de l'espagnol. Paris: Ellipses, 2000.
Tocharian">Tocharian languages">Tocharian
- A. J. van Windekens. Lexique étymologique des dialectes tokhariens. Louvain: Bureaux du Muséon, 1941.
- A. J. van Windekens. Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes, vol. 1: La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain: Centre international de dialectologie générale, 1976.
- Jörundur Hilmarsson. Materials for a Tocharian Historical and Etymological Dictionary. Reykjavík: Málvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands, 1996. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky and Guđrun Thórhallsdóttir with the assistance of Sigurđur H. Pálsson.
Uralic">Uralic languages">Uralic
- Károly Rédei, ed. Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1986–91.
Estonian">Estonian language">Estonian
- Julius Mägiste. Estnisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 12 vols. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1982–83.
- Iris Metsmägi, ed. . Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2012. ISBN 978-9985-79-478-4
Finnish">Finnish language">Finnish
- ,, & Reino Peltola, eds. Suomen kielen etymologinen sanakirja . 7 vols. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1955–81.
- Erkki Itkonen &, eds. Suomen sanojen alkuperä . 3 vols. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus / Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1992–2000.
- . Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja . Juva: WSOY. 2004.
- An online etymological dictionary of Finnish ] is provided by Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus.
Hungarian">Hungarian language">Hungarian
- István Tótfalusi. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár. Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001.
- András Róna-Tas & Árpád Berta. West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian. 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011.
- Gábor Zaicz. , 2nd edn. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021
Khanty">Khanty language">Khanty
- Wolfgang Steinitz. Dialektologisches und etymologisches Wörterbuch der ostjakischen Sprache. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1966–93.
Komi">Komi language">Komi
- V. I. Lytkin & Ye. S. Gulyayev. Краткий этимологический словар коми языка . Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
Other languages
- Burji
- * Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. An Etymological Dictionary of Burji . Hamburg: Buske, 1982.
- Chinese
- *Axel Schuessler. ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.
- Gurage
- *Wolf Leslau. Etymological Dictionary of Gurage . 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1979.
- Harari
- *Wolf Leslau. Etymological dictionary of Harari. Berkely: University of Los Angeles, 1963.
- Turkish
- *Sevan Nişanyan. Sözlerin soyağacı: çağdaş Türkçenin etimolojik sözlüğü. Beyoğlu : Adam, 2002.
- *Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Other language families
- Afro-Asiatic
- *Vladimir Orel & Olga V. Stolbova. Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
- Altaic
- *Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo & Oleg Mudrak. Altaic Languages">Altaic languages">Altaic Languages. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
- Dravidian
- *Thomas D. Burrows & Murray Barnson Emeneau. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, 2nd edn. Oxford: Munshirm Manoharlal / Clarendon Press, 1984.
- Kartvelian
- *Heinz Fähnrich & Surab Sardshweladse. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
- *Heinz Fähnrich. Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Online
Indo-European languages
- – Online Etymology Dictionary of English compiled by Douglas Harper
- – Ancient Greek Etymological Dictionary by H. Frisk
- – An Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon by Alwin Kloekhorst
- – Indo-European Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
- – Hungarian etymological dictionary
- – Nepali Etymological Dictionary by R. L. Turner
- – Romanian Etymological Dictionary
- – Russian Etymological Dictionary by Max Vasmer, Heidelberg, 4 volumes
- – Slovenian Etymological Dictionary by Marko Snoj
- – Swedish Etymological Dictionary by Elof Hellquist
- – Belarusian Etymological Dictionary by Belarusian Academy of Sciences
Afroasiatic languages
- – Afroasiatic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
- – Arabic Etymological Dictionary by Alphaya, LTD
- – Arabic Etymological Dictionary by Andras Rajki
- – Hebrew Etymological Dictionary by Ernest Klein
Altaic languages
- – Altaic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
- – Chuvash Etymological Dictionary by M. R. Fedotov
- – Gagauz Etymological Dictionary
- – Mongolian Etymological Dictionary
- – Turkish Etymological Dictionary by Sevan Nişanyan "Sözlerin Soyağacı – Çağdaş Türkçe'nin Etimolojik Sözlüğü"
Austronesian languages
- – Austronesian Comparative Dictionary by R. A. Blust
- – Indonesian Etymological Dictionary by S. M. Zain
- – Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary by E. Tregear
- – A Concise Waray Dictionary with etymologies and Bicol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Tagalog cognates
Bantu languages
- – Bantu Etymological Dictionary
- – Swahili Etymological Dictionary
- – Swahili Etymological Dictionary by World Loanword Database
Creole languages and conlangs
- – Bislama Dictionary with etymologies by Andras Rajki
- – Esperanto Etymological Dictionary
- – Morisyen Etymological Dictionary
- – Volapük Dictionary
Uralic languages
- – Uralic Etymological Database
- – Uralic Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
- – Estonian Etymological Dictionary by Iris Metsmägi, Meeli Sedrik, Sven-Erik Soosaar
- – Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,, first edition.
- : is only available in print.
- – Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár. Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár,
- – Saami Etymological Dictionary
Other languages and language families
- – Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask
- – Basque Etymological Dictionary
- – Dravidian Etymological Dictionary by T. Burrow
- – Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary by G. A. Klimov
- – Mayan Etymological Dictionary by T. Kaufman and J. Justeson
- – Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary by D. Cooper and P. J. Sidwell
- – Munda Etymological Dictionary by D. Cooper
- – Munda Etymological Dictionary by D. Stampe et al.
- – North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary by S. A. Starostin et al.
- – Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus by J. A. Matisoff
- – Thai Etymological Dictionary by M. Haas