Equivalent airspeed
In aviation, equivalent airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for the compressibility of air at a non-trivial Mach number. It is also the airspeed at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere at which the dynamic pressure is the same as the dynamic pressure at the true airspeed and altitude at which the aircraft is flying. In low-speed flight, it is the speed which would be shown by an airspeed indicator with zero error. It is useful for predicting aircraft handling, aerodynamic loads, stalling etc.
where is actual air density and is standard sea level density.
is a function of dynamic pressure:
where is the dynamic pressure
EAS can also be obtained from the aircraft Mach number and static pressure.
where is, is the Mach number, is static pressure, and is standard sea level pressure.
Combining the above with the expression for Mach number gives EAS as a function of impact pressure and static pressure :
where is impact pressure.
At standard sea level, EAS is the same as calibrated airspeed and true airspeed. At any other altitude, EAS may be obtained from CAS by correcting for compressibility error.
The following simplified formula allows calculation of CAS from EAS:
where the pressure ratio and are airspeeds and can be measured in knots, km/h, mph or any other appropriate unit.
The above formula is accurate within 1% up to Mach 1.2 and useful with acceptable error up to Mach 1.5. The 4th order Mach term can be neglected for speeds below Mach 0.85.