Energy density Extended Reference Table


This is an extended version of the energy density table from the main Energy density page.[Zinc–carbon battery|]
Storage typeSpecific energy Energy density Peak recovery efficiency %Practical recovery efficiency %
Arbitrary antimatter89,875,517,874depends on density
Deuterium–tritium fusion576,000,000
Uranium-235 fissile isotope144,000,0001,500,000,000
Natural uranium in fast breeder reactor86,000,000
Reactor-grade uranium in light-water reactor3,456,00035%
Pu-238 α-decay2,200,000
Hf-178m2 isomer1,326,00017,649,060
Natural uranium in light-water reactor443,00035%
Ta-180m isomer41,340689,964
Metallic hydrogen 216
Specific orbital energy of low Earth orbit 33.0
Beryllium + oxygen23.9
Lithium + fluorine23.75
Octaazacubane potential explosive22.9
Hydrogen + oxygen13.4
Gasoline + oxygen13.3
Dinitroacetylene explosive – computed9.8
Octanitrocubane explosive8.516.9
Tetranitrotetrahedrane explosive – computed8.3
Heptanitrocubane explosive – computed8.2
Sodium 7.0349
Hexanitrobenzene explosive7
Tetranitrocubane explosive – computed6.95
Ammonal 6.912.7
Tetranitromethane + hydrazine bipropellant – computed6.6
Nitroglycerin6.3810.2
ANFOANNM6.26
Lithium–air battery6.12
Octogen 5.710.8
TNT4.6106.92
Copper Thermite 4.1320.9
Thermite 4.0018.4
ANFO3.7-
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition 2.73.8
Li-ion nanowire battery2.542995%
Lithium thionyl chloride battery2.5
Water 1.9680.708
Kinetic energy penetrator1.930
Lithium–sulfur battery1.801.26
Fluoride-ion battery 1.72.8
Hydrogen closed cycle fuel cell1.62
Hydrazine decomposition 1.61.6
Ammonium nitrate decomposition 1.42.5
Molten salt198%
Molecular spring 1
Lithium metal battery0.83-1.011.98-2.09
Sodium–sulfur battery0.721.2385%
Lithium-ion battery0.46–0.720.83–3.695%
Sodium–nickel chloride battery, high temperature0.56
Zinc–manganese (alkaline) battery, long life design0.4-0.591.15-1.43
Silver-oxide battery0.471.8
Flywheel0.36–0.5
5.56 × 45 mm NATO bullet muzzle energy density0.43.2
Nickel–metal hydride battery, low power design as used in consumer batteries0.41.55
Liquid nitrogen0.349
Waterenthalpy of fusion0.3340.334
Zinc–bromine flow battery 0.27
Nickel–metal hydride battery, high-power design as used in cars0.2500.493
Nickel–cadmium battery 0.141.0880%

0.130.331
Lead–acid battery0.140.36
Vanadium redox battery0.090.11887070-75%
Vanadium bromide redox battery0.180.25280%–90%
Ultracapacitor0.01990.050
Supercapacitor0.0180%–98.5%39%–70%
Superconducting magnetic energy storage0.008>95%
Capacitor0.002
Neodymium magnet0.003
Ferrite magnet0.0003
Spring power, torsion spring0.00030.0006
Storage typeEnergy density by mass Energy density by volume Peak recovery efficiency %Practical recovery efficiency %