List of Ayyubid rulers


The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt

''See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.''

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.
PortraitEpithetNameSultan FromSultan UntilRelationship with PredecessorNotesTitle
100pxAl-Nasir Salah al-DinYusuf I11831193Married Mahmud III WidowSultan of Halab
100pxAl-ZahirGhazi11931216Son of Salah al-DinSultan of Halab
Al-AzizMuhammad12161236Son of Al-Zahir GhaziSultan of Halab
Al-NasirYusuf II12361260Son of Al-Aziz
  • Regency council from 1236 to 1242, de facto regency of Dayfa Khatun
  • Also sultan of Damascus
Sultan of Halab
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.
  • Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam, appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
  • Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
  • Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
  • Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
  • Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
  • As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
  • Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi, 1246–1249
  • Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
  • An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.
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  • Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal, 1310–1332
  • Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.
Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.
  • Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh, 1178–1186
  • Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
  • Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
  • Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248, 1248–1260
  • An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
  • Al-Ashraf Musa, 1260–1263.
Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.
  • As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
  • Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
  • Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
  • Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
  • Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
  • Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349
  • Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
  • Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432
  • Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
  • Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
  • Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
  • Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
  • Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
  • Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
  • Salih Khalil II, 1514–1520
  • Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
  • Adil Sulayman II, 1521–1524.
Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan. See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.
  • Saladin, 1188
  • Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
  • Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
  • An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
  • Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.
Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Al-Jazirah

See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.
  • Saladin, 1185–1193
  • Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
  • Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
  • Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
  • Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
  • Al-Kamil Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.
Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.
  • Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
  • Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
  • Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
  • An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
  • Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
  • Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.
Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Banyas

See Banyas.
  • Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
  • Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
  • Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
  • As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil 1247–1249.
  • An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad 1250-?.
  • Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz 1260–1260.