Eliza Maria Gordon-Cumming
Eliza Maria, Lady Gordon-Cumming was a Scottish aristocrat, horticulturalist, palaeontologist and scientific illustrator. Lady Gordon-Cumming collected and studied Devonian fish fossils from the Old Red Sandstone of Morayshire, Scotland. She amassed a large and well-known collection which she illustrated, along with her daughter Lady Anne Seymour. Lady Gordon-Cumming worked with other palaeontologists and geologists of the time including Louis Agassiz, William Buckland and Roderick Murchison.
Biography
Early life
Lady Gordon-Cumming was born Eliza Maria Campbell in 1795 in Inveraray to Lady Charlotte Campbell and Colonel John Campbell. Her mother was a diarist and novelist and father a soldier and politician.Palaeontological research
Lady Gordon-Cumming was a skilled painter and keen horticulturalist who took up the study of the fossils on her Altyre estate near the Moray Firth around 1839. She collected fossils and instructed workers in the quarries on the estate to bring her any they found. She collected a large number of specimens of fossil fish from the Devonian period and began a correspondence with the most famous geologists of the time; Louis Agassiz, William Buckland and Roderick Murchison all visited her collection in Scotland. She sent illustrations, letters and specimens around Europe, and intended to publish her illustrations and theories on how these fish would have appeared in life. Some of these illustrations survive in the archives of the Geological Society. Some of her ideas about how the fossil remains should be interpreted were later discredited as more fossil evidence came to light, but her illustrations were highly respected. Her work was praised by Hugh Miller, and...collected these remains and distributed them amongst geologists with the greatest liberality. Lady Cumming had studied the remains with great care, and prepared a series of drawings of all the most perfect specimens with a precision of detail and artistic talent, which few naturalists can hope to attain"
After his visit to Altyre, Agassiz named a species Cheirolepis cummingae in honour of Cumming. This species name was later discovered to be a synonym of Cheirolepis trialli. Many of the fossils in Cumming's collection were personally identified by Agassiz, and the collection is now held by the National Museum of Scotland, the Natural History Museum, London, and the University of Neuchatel.
Marriage and children
Lady Gordon-Cumming married Sir William Gordon Gordon-Cumming of Altyre, 2nd Baronet in 1815. They had 13 children including- Sir Alexander Penrose Gordon-Cumming, 3rd Baronet
- Roualeyn George Gordon-Cumming traveller, sportsman and lion hunter
- Francis Hastings Toone Gordon-Cumming
- Anne Seymour Conway Baker Cresswell
- Mary Elizabeth Gordon-Cumming
- Henry Gordon-Cumming
- John Randolph Gordon-Cumming
- William Gordon Gordon-Cumming
- Adelaide Eliza Gordon-Cumming
- Alice Henrietta Gordon-Cumming
- Constance Frederica “Eka” Gordon-Cumming travel writer and painter
- Eleanora Gordon-Cumming