18th United States Congress

The 18th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

August 1823: Arikara War fought between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians.
December 2, 1823: Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe delivered a speech to the Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts.
February 9, 1825: John Quincy Adams elected as President of the United States by the House of Representatives in accordance with the contingent election provision of the Twelfth Amendment, as no candidate had received a majority of the electoral votes cast in the 1824 presidential election. The House was required to choose between Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford, with the delegation from each of the 24 states having one vote. Adams was elected on the first ballot by 13 to 7 to 4.
Connecticut
Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
New Hampshire
New York
Ohio
Rhode Island
Vermont
Alabama
Indiana
Mississippi
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Delaware
Georgia
North Carolina
VirginiaTotal: 13 Total: 7 Total: 4

Major legislation

January 7, 1824: Tariff of 1824, Sess. 1, ch. 4,
March 3, 1825: Crimes Act of 1825, Sess. 2, ch. 65,

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. The 18th Congress was the final one in which members sat who are identified with the First Party System and the Federalist Party.

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Speaker: Henry Clay

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.

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