Eastern cut-off
The eastern cut-off is a variant of the "scissors" high jump style
involving a layout. This enables the jumper to clear a higher bar
than with the traditional scissors style while still landing on
the feet. The technique is generally credited to Michael Sweeney of the New York Athletic Club,
who used it in 1895 to set a world record of 6 ft 5 5/8 inches.
The style came to be called "eastern" because of its origin on the US
east coast, after the invention of the rival "western roll" style by
George Horine on the west coast. Horine was in fact the first to
improve on Sweeney's record, when he cleared 6 ft 7 inches in 1912.
Although succeeded by the more efficient layout techniques of
the western roll and by the straddle, the eastern
cut-off continued to be competitive at an international level until
the 1940s in the men's high jump, and until the 1960s in the women's
high jump. It was used by John Winter of Australia to win the high
jump in the 1948 Olympics, and by Iolanda Balas of Romania to win
the women's high jump in the 1960 and 1964 Olympics. Even today,
the eastern cut-off is used by high school jumpers in Kenya, where the
lack of foam landing mats necessitates a style where jumpers land on
their feet.
The eastern cut-off involves contrary rotations of the body and legs. A jumper taking off from the left foot crosses the bar with the right leg first, left leg roughly
parallel to the bar, with the body still on the takeoff side and twisted
to face downwards. After crossing
the bar the legs are rapidly "scissored", undoing the twist and
allowing the jumper to land on their takeoff foot facing the bar.