Celtic inscriptions in Noricum


Two inscriptions in Grafenstein, Carinthia, Austria and Ptuj, Slovenia, written in Celtic language potentially spoken in the Roman province of Noricum. The proposed language in which these inscriptions are written is referred to as Noric or Eastern Celtic, likely a Continental Celtic language; although no further evidence or proofs of its existence are found. No evidence yet shows when it became extinct.

Ptuj inscription

The Ptuj inscription, discovered in 1894, is written right to left in a northern Italic alphabet and reads:
This is interpreted as two personal names: of. The name may mean "bear penis", while may contain the element brog-, mrog- "country". Alternatively, the inscription may be interpreted as for, with the second name in the dative case.

Grafenstein inscription

The Grafenstein inscription, on a tile from the 2nd century AD that was discovered in a gravel pit in 1977, is incomplete, but the extant part has been transcribed as follows:
Here, Moge seems to be a personal name or an abbreviation of one, P· II- lav a Latin abbreviation indicating a weight, ne sadiíes a verbal form possibly meaning "you do not set", ollo so perhaps "this amount", and Lugnu another personal name. The text may therefore be a record of some sort of financial transaction.
Other readings of the inscription have also been proposed, including:
and