Germany–Netherlands border

The Germany–Netherlands border consists of a land and maritime border across the Dollart through the Frisian Islands into the North Sea.

Land border

The border is located in the northwestern part of Germany and the east of the Netherlands. The border runs as a fairly irregular line from the shore of the Dollart bay which is part of the Ems river estuary in the north to the Belgium–Germany–Netherlands tripoint at Vaalserberg. The length of the border is around in length, although the straight distance between the two border end points is.
The border runs along portions of rivers, including for along the large Rhine river. It also runs for about along the Meuse valley, although most of the time a few kilometres to the east of the Meuse river rather than along it, before leaving the valley at the last portion of border to the border tripoint located at Vaalserberg about west of Aachen.
The German states which share the international border are Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia while on the Dutch side, the provinces are Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland and Limburg.

Disputes

The maritime border is disputed in a part of the Ems estuary outside the Dollart bay, where Germany has the view that the state border runs on the left bank of the Ems, while the Netherlands regards the Thalweg as its border. This is based on interpretations of old treaties. Germany relies on a bill of enfeoffment from 1464, when German Emperor Frederick III raised Ulrich I, the son of a local chieftain to the status of Imperial Count, in which the County of East Frisia is described as "von der Westeremse osterwards". According to the Netherlands, this has lapsed in the French period – after the incorporation in France of both areas of West Frisia and East Frisia. Thus according to international law, the boundary should be at the center of the navigation channel.
In 2014 the two nations' foreign ministers met to put an end to the dispute. It was decided that the border should remain ambiguous and responsibility for the region in question shared.

Border crossings

There are at least 60 official road crossings and six railway crossings of the border. Both countries are part of the Schengen Area and the European Union, so there are minimal or non-existent border controls.
Motorways crossing the border:

Dutch name	German name	European route
A7	A280	E22
A37	B402	E233
A1	A30	E30
A12	A3	E35
A77	A57	E31
A67	A40	E34
A74	A61	-
N280	A52	-
A76	A4	E314

Railways crossing the border:

The modern border today is the result of centuries of border negotiations and agreements between the states and other political entities in the region, such as the Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Hannover and the United Provinces of the Netherlands, of which Germany and the Netherlands ultimately became the modern day successor states. Many of the border agreements and treaties drawn up between these states were adopted by subsequent treaties and remain in force today.

Prussia and the Netherlands

Treaties with Prussia largely delimited and provided for the demarcation of the southern portion of the Germany–Netherlands border from Losser south to Vaals. Among the agreements and treaties were:
; 31 May 1815
; 26 June and 7 October 1816
; 23 September 1818
; 11 December 1868
; 30 October 1823
; 11 April 1827
; 23 June 1843
; 12 August 1872
; 22 August 1879
; 12 May 1880
; 16 August 1883
; 1 and 31 August 1882

Hannover and the Netherlands

Treaties with Hannover largely delimited and provided for the demarcation of the northern portion of the Germany–Netherlands border north of Losser. Among the agreements and treaties were:
; 2 July 1824
; 12 September 1825
; 14 and 19 March 1863

Paris Protocol 1949

The Paris Protocol of 22 March 1949, following World War II, the commission made 19 provisional changes in the frontier allowing the Netherlands to annex pieces of German territory totaling 26 square miles and 487 acres. The annexation was based on the Report by the Demarcation Commission of the Netherlands–German Frontier, signed at The Hague on 10 December 1949. The Netherlands annexed pieces of German territory as part of Second World War reparations.

Treaties with Germany

; 8 April 1960