Salawat
Salawat or Durud is an Islamic complimentary Arabic phrase which contains veneration for Muhammad. This phrase is usually expressed by Muslims as part of their five daily prayers and also when Muhammad's name is mentioned. is a plural form of and from the triliteral root of ṣ-l-w which literally means 'prayer' or 'send blessings upon'. Some Arabic philologists suggest that the meaning of the word varies depending on who uses the word and to whom it is used for.
The suffix «صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِه», meaning "May God's peace be upon him and his household", is a respectful Arabic term used in Arabic and Persian Islamic texts to respect the prophet of Islam, Muhammad when his name mentioned. Of course, this term can be used for the Fourteen Infallibles or any great person. This phrase is most often used after the name Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam. This Arabic phrase may also come after the names of special and holy people. All of these phrases mean "asking for divine favor for a special and holy person." On the other hand, in Islamic sources, may also be seen in other forms, including «صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه و سَلَّم», «صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و سَلَّم», «صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه», «صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه», «صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ» or «صَلَواتُ ﷲِ وَ سَلامِه عَلَیه». According to some researchers, is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources.
with the text «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family", or with the text «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد و عَجِّل فَرَجَهُم», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family and hasten their attainment", is an Islamic invocation used to honor the Islam Prophet Muhammad and his family. The most famous form of throughout history and according to the sources, has been to say it in the form of «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his household". In Islamic circles, when the name of the Prophet Muhammad is mentioned, it is customary to send blessings upon him to respect his high position. Also, the recitation of is used in worship because of its virtue and reward, and sometimes people even vow to recite a specific number of it in order to have their heartfelt desires, so that through this, they may receive God's grace and their problems may be resolved.
Significance
In Islam, when a Muslim or angel recites, it means they are sending it to the prophet and are showing Allah their respect for Muhammad, while when the same is sending upon prophet by Allah himself, it means he is blessed by Allah. "When Muhammad sends upon the believers, it indicates his prayer for their welfare, blessing and salvation."Muhammad was also reported to have said: "The meanest person is he who does not invoke upon me when my name is mentioned in his presence."
Ibn Asakri transmitted from al-Hasan bin Ali that Muhammad said: "Invoke more upon me, for your invocation is conducive to your sins being forgiven. And pray for me a high status and intercession, for surely my intercession will plead in your favour before Allah."
According to Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad said: "All supplications to Allah will remain in a veil from the sky until a is sent to Mohammad PBUH and his Household." In another tradition, Ja'far al-Sadiq was quoted that: "Whoever sends on the Prophet PBH and his Household means 'I am standing on the promise that I gave when Allah asked me, 'Am I not your lord? And I answered yes you are.'"
The concept of "Aal" in
When the companions and friends of the Prophet of Islam asked him: "How should we send blessings, peace, and greetings upon you?" the Prophet of Islam included the word «آلِ», "Aal" in his and asked for all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God for his family too, this meaning, the Prophet Muhammad wants all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God in for his "family" or his "household" or his "progeny".How to cite
In the many Islamic orison writings, explained how to greet the Prophet of Islam according to the traditions. In the book "Sahih al-Bukhari" written by Muhammad al-Bukhari, it is narrated from "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" that: "We said, O Messenger of God! Peace be upon you is known; how should we send blessings upon you?", the Prophet said:Meaning:
In the same book and on the same page, this Hadith is narrated in more detail from "Ka’b ibn Ujrah" who said to the Prophet Muhammad: “We have learned how to greet you, but how should we send blessings upon you?” The Prophet said "you should say":
Meaning:
Note that Al-Bukhari mentions these Hadiths under the verse 56 of Surah Al-Ahzab: «اِنَّ اللهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ یا اَیُّهَا الَّذینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلیما», meaning, “Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels . O you who have believed, ask blessing upon him and ask peace”.
In the book “Sahih Muslim” written by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, which is the second most famous Hadith reference book for Sunni Muslims, it is narrated from “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari” that: The Prophet came to us while we were in the assembly of "Sa’d ibn Ibadah", then "Bashir", the son of "Sa’d", said: "O Messenger of God! God has commanded us to send blessings upon you, how should we send blessings upon you?". The Prophet was silent at first, then he said "you should say":
Meaning:
In one of the Sunni interpretation books called "Al-Dur al-Manthur" by Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, which is the most famous book of narration interpretation among Sunnis, the author cites the same narration of "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" from "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", and "Ibn Mardavieh" on behalf of the Prophet of Islam. In the same book, the same statement of “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari” has been narrated by Muhammad al-Tirmidhi, "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", and "Ibn Mardavieh". Again, in the same book, the same content is narrated, with slight differences, by "Malik ibn Anas", "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Abu Dawud al-Sijistani", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", "Ibn Mardavieh", and several others, on behalf of "Abu Ahmad Sa'idi".
"Ahmad ibn Husayn ibn Ali Bayhaqi Neishaburi" known as "al-Bayhaqi" also narrated numerous narrations in this regard in his famous book "Sunan al-Kubra", some of which clarify the duties of Muslims during prayer and during the Tashahhud. For example, in a Hadith narrated by "Uqbah ibn Amr": A man came and sat in the presence of the Prophet, while we were also with the Prophet. He said: "O Messenger of God! We know the quality of greetings upon you, but how should we send blessings upon you when we pray?" The Prophet remained silent , until we thought, "I wish this man had not asked such a question." Then the Prophet said:
Meaning:
Then the author "al-Bayhaqi" quotes Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i as saying:
"Al-Bayhaqi" has also cited numerous other Hadiths regarding how to recite upon the Prophet of Islam, both during the prayer and outside of the prayer; In particular, in a Hadith narrated by "Ka'b ibn Ujrah" on behalf of the Prophet of Islam, he states:
Meaning:
It is clear from this hadith that even the Prophet of Islam himself used to send these blessings in his prayers.
"Al-Bayhaqi" says in one of the narrations in which there is no mention of prayer:
Therefore, all Muslims, regardless of their sects, are obligated to say the greetings of peace upon the Prophet of Islam in the form of «السَّلامَ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّهَا النَّبىُّ وَ رَحْمَهُ الله», meaning, “Peace be unto you O’ prophet and the mercy of God” during the Tashahhud in the prayer, as the Prophet himself used to say.
Although there is a slight difference of opinion among the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam on this matter; In the Shafi'i school and in the Hanbali school, they said: It is obligatory to reciting upon the Prophet of Islam during the second Tashahhud in Salah, while in the Maliki school and in the Hanafi school, consider it as an arbitrary tradition or Sunnah.
This is despite the fact that according to most narrations, including the above narrations, the in the prayer is obligatory upon all Muslims.
Recommended
One recommended by Muhammad is:Muhammad was also reported to have said: "Do not invoke incomplete upon me". His asked him: "What is incomplete ?" He replied them: "When you say: 'O God, send blessing to Muhammad' and then stop on that. Rather say: ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ 'Allahumma! send Your blessing to Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad."
Variants of
Several variant phrases of may be used. The most common phrases are:| Arabic | TransliterationIPA | Phrase |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | O God, send blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَجْمَعِينَ وَعَلىٰ جَمِيعِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَاءِ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَجَمِيعِ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad all together, and upon all of the Angels, and all of the Prophets, Messengers, martyrs and truthful ones, and all of the righteous servants of God. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten the alleviation of your vicegerent, and grant him vitality and victory. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation. | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. |
According to some researchers, is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources. The famous mentioned in narrations and Hadiths are listed below:
| Sources | Phrases |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | |
| الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ و عَجّل فَرَجَهم | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| , , , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| , , , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| , , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| , , | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |