Drone congregation area
A drone congregation area is an aerial region where honeybee drones and virgin queens gather to mate.
Makeup
Drone congregation areas are typically about in diameter and above ground. They have the shape of an upward-pointing cone, with the drone density being lower towards the top. The boundaries are sharply defined: drones will not mate with queens even slightly outside the area.Over the course of a day, approximately 12,000 drones visited one drone congregation area, and the drones represented at any one congregation area can be from hundreds of different colonies. However, these population numbers are highly variable depending on circumstances.
Geographical features
It is not known exactly why drone congregation areas have the locations they do, or how bees locate them. However, there is considerable evidence that they depend on static features of the landscape. Drones will congregate in these areas even in the absence of queens, and stay in similar areas year-to-year, with one drone congregation area staying in the same location for almost 200 years. Additionally, if drones are brought in from outside the local area, they still quickly find the local congregation areas.Most drone congregation areas are open spaces surrounded by a barrier; the open area provides visibility while the barrier provides shelter from the wind. The bees also tend to fly to low elevations. South-facing locations are also preferred in the Northern hemisphere; this may be due to differences in solar irradiance or the bees' magnetoreception.