Doryctinae
The Doryctinae or doryctine wasps are a large subfamily of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae.
Description and identification
Doryctine wasps are found across almost the entire size range of Braconidae, from 1 to 25 mm. In the small species the head tends to be relatively large and the body, while slender, remarkably elongated. Doryctines tend to be small-winged, with many having very much reduced wings. Numerous species in this family are unable to fly or even lack wings entirely. They have a characteristic row of stout spines running lengthwise along the foreleg tibia, and a cyclostome depression above the mandibles.Distribution
Doryctinae have a worldwide distribution except for the polar regions.Biology
Some Doryctinae are known to form galls on plants similar to the Mesostoinae. Some species in the genus Allorhogas feed on seeds. The large majority of doryctines are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae of wood-boring beetles - such as jewel beetles. Some species parasitize lepidopteran or symphytan larvae. The host is paralyzed by venom injected through the female's ovipositor before an egg is laid. The spines present on the foreleg of the adult enable it to escape from the narrow wooden tunnels of the hosts.Biological control
Doryctines have been used to control pests in Europe, Australia, and North America. Several doryctine wasps are of economic importance as biocontrol agents in Australia against eucalyptus pests. The species Spathius agrili has been introduced to the United States from China in an effort to control the emerald ash borer.Taxonomy and phylogeny
Doryctinae is considered to be part of the cyclostome group, a clade of subfamilies including Alysiinae, Betylobraconinae, Braconinae, Gnamptodontinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Lysiterminae, Opiinae, Pambolinae, Rogadinae, Rhysipolinae, and Rhyssalinae.16 tribes of Doryctinae have been designated. The former subfamily Ypsistocerinae has been subsumed under Doryctinae as one of these tribes, Ypsistocerini.
Doryctinae comprises over 2000 species in 198 genera, with new taxa continuing to be described. 182 of the genera placed in the Doryctinae include:
Tribe Binareini
Acanthodoryctes Turner, 1918Antidoryctes Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000Binarea Brullé, 1846Dooliba Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Liobracon Szépligeti, 1901Tribe Doryctini
Acanthorhogas Szepligeti, 1906- †Anacanthobracon Brues, 1939Aphelopsia Marsh, 1993Asiaontsira Belokobylskij, Tang, & Chen, 2013Bracodoryctes Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000Bracocesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008Bulbonervus Shenefelt, 1969Caenophanes Foerster, 1862 Caingangia Marsh, 1993Cecidospathius Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1910Ceratodoryctes Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Chelonodoryctes Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000Coiba Marsh, 1993Cryptodoryctes Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000Cryptontsira Belokobylskij, 2008Cyphodoryctes Marsh, 1993Dendrosoter Wesmael, 1838Dendrosotinus Telenga, 1941Dicarinoryctes Braet & van Achterberg, 2001Donquickeia Marsh, 1997Doryctes Haliday, 1836Doryctodes Hellén, 1927Doryctophasmus Enderlein, 1912Doryctopsis Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Echinodoryctes Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Eodendrus Belokobylskij, 2005Esterella Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990Euscelinus Westwood, 1882Guaygata Marsh, 1993Gymnobracon Szépligeti, 1902Halycaea Cameron, 1903Heerz Marsh, 1993Histeromeroides Marsh, 1993Hybodoryctes Szépligeti, 1906Hypodoryctes Kokujev, 1900Janzenia Marsh, 1993Johnsonius Marsh, 1993Kauriphanes Belokobylskij, Ceccarelli, Zaldívar-Riverón, 2012Lamquetia Braet, Barbalho & van Achterberg, 2003Latana Cameron, 1906Megaloproctus Schulz, 1906Neostaphius Braet, Barbalhoa & van Achterberg, 2003Neurocrassus Šnoflák, 1945Odontodoryctes Granger, 1949Ontsira Cameron, 1900Ontsirospathius Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Osmophila Szépligeti, 1902
- †Palaeorhyssalus Brues, 1933Pedinotus Szépligeti, 1902Pirramurra Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004Priosphys Enderlein, 1920
- †Promonolexis Brues, 1933Pseudodoryctes Szépligeti, 1915Rhoptrocentrus Marshall, 1897Sharkeyella Marsh, 1993Shawius Marsh, 1993Sinaodoryctes Chen & Shi, 2004Sonanus Belokobylskij & Konishi, 2001Tarasco Marsh, 1993Verae Marsh, 1993Waitaca Marsh, 1993Whartonius Marsh, 1993Whitfieldiellus Marsh, 1997