Chávez served as mayor of Santa Fe from 1932 to 1934. From 1936 to 1942 he was a District Judge at the First Judicial District in Santa Fe. Chávez C5 resigned to serve in the U.S. Army during World War II and returned to the bench after the war. He served in the Army’s Judge Advocate General Corps and participated in the prosecution of 40 Dachau concentration camp guards. The U.S. Army awarded Colonel Chavez a bronze star medal for his service prosecuting Nazi war criminals. He was appointed to the judgeship of the Puerto Rico District by President Harry S. Truman and served from 1947 to 1950. He returned to New Mexico in 1950 to run unsuccessfully for Governor. He worked in private practice in Santa Fe until Governor Burroughs appointed him to the New Mexico Supreme Court in 1959. Chávez served on the New Mexico Supreme Court from 1960 until 1968.