Dalit people in Nepal
Dalit people in Nepal are communities historically marginalized under the traditional Hindu caste system and subjected to "untouchability." According to the 2021 Census of Nepal, they comprise approximately 13.6% of the national population, though Dalit advocacy groups often suggest the actual figure may be higher.
The term "Dalit" was formally adopted in Nepal during the 1960s as a unifying political identity to represent various groups that were previously categorized as "untouchable" under the Muluki Ain of 1854.
Classification
The National Dalit Commission of Nepal recognizes 26 distinct sub-castes, which are categorized into two primary geographic clusters:Hill Dalits
- **Kami:** Traditionally ironsmiths and goldsmiths.
- **Damai:** Traditionally tailors and musicians.
- **Sarki:** Traditionally leatherworkers.
- **Gaine :** Traditional folk singers and players of the Sarangi.
- **Badi:** Historically known for music and entertainment.
Madhesi Dalits
Residing in the southern Terai plains, these groups include:- **Chamar:** Traditionally leatherworkers and agricultural laborers.
- **Musahar:** Primarily engaged in agriculture and brickmaking.
- **Paswan :** A large community within the Terai Dalit population.
- **Tatma, Khatwe, and Dom:** Other significant groups in the Madhesh region.
Legal Status and Rights
The Constitution of Nepal provides specific safeguards for Dalit people under Article 40, which outlines the "Rights of Dalits." This includes the right to proportional participation in all state bodies and special provisions for education and health.Furthermore, the **Caste-based Discrimination and Untouchability Act, 2011** criminalizes discrimination in both public and private spheres, providing a legal framework for the prosecution of caste-based crimes.