1998–99 Australian region cyclone season
The 1998–99 Australian region cyclone season was an above average tropical cyclone season that featured Gwenda, the most intense tropical cyclone in the Australian Region . It began on 1 November 1998 and ended on 30 April 1999. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, which runs from 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999.
Tropical cyclones in this area are monitored by four Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres : the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in Perth, Darwin, and Brisbane; and TCWC Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.
Systems
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from:07/10/1998 till:10/10/1998 color:C1 text:"Zelia "
from:07/11/1998 till:13/11/1998 color:C3 text:"Alison "
from:30/11/1998 till:15/12/1998 color:C5 text:"Thelma "
from:01/12/1998 till:06/12/1998 color:C3 text:"Billy "
from:22/12/1998 till:28/12/1998 color:C2 text:"Cathy "
from:20/01/1999 till:21/01/1999 color:C1 text:"Olinda "
from:21/01/1999 till:28/01/1999 color:C3 text:"Damien "
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from:21/01/1999 till:23/01/1999 color:C2 text:"Pete "
from:24/01/1999 till:27/01/1999 color:TL text:"16P "
from:31/01/1999 till:14/02/1999 color:TL text:"18S "
from:09/02/1999 till:12/02/1999 color:C3 text:"Rona "
from:07/03/1999 till:14/03/1999 color:TL text:"26S "
from:14/03/1999 till:23/03/1999 color:C5 text:"Vance "
from:15/03/1999 till:20/03/1999 color:C4 text:"Elaine "
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from:25/03/1999 till:01/04/1999 color:C5 text:"Frederic "
from:02/04/1999 till:08/04/1999 color:C5 text:"Gwenda "
from:19/04/1999 till:21/04/1999 color:C2 text:"Hamish "
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from:01/10/1998 till:01/11/1998 text:October
from:01/11/1998 till:01/12/1998 text:November
from:01/12/1998 till:01/01/1999 text:December
from:01/01/1999 till:01/02/1999 text:January
from:01/02/1999 till:01/03/1999 text:February
from:01/03/1999 till:01/04/1999 text:March
from:01/04/1999 till:01/05/1999 text:April
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Tropical Cyclone Zelia
This storm developed near Cocos Island.Severe Tropical Cyclone Alison
A tropical depression formed on 6 November 1998 near Cocos Island. The tropical depression rapidly strengthened into Tropical Cyclone Alison on the same day. Alison was 130 miles northeast of Cocos Island and was moving southeast. Alison passed only 25 miles south of Cocos bringing gale-force winds to the island. On 11 November, Alison encountered wind shear which weakened the storm and by 13 November the storm dissipated.Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy
Billy formed on 1 December 1998 off the northwestern Australia coast. The storm moved nearly due south before making landfall near Onslow, Western Australia. Damage estimates from Australia are unavailable.Severe Tropical Cyclone Thelma
On 3 December a tropical depression formed in the Arafura Sea, 250 miles east-northeast of Darwin. The system drifted southwestward, strengthening into Tropical Cyclone Thelma on 6 December. Thelma continued to intensify as it turned to the south-southwest, reaching Category 5 strengthen on the Australian cyclone scale as it brushed the Tiwi Islands. Cyclone Thelma reached a peak of 140 mph with a minimum pressure of 925 mbar on the 8th, and made landfall on the western Australian coastline on the 10th. After making landfall, the storm paralleled the coastline, and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm. Favorable conditions aloft allowed it to remain a tropical storm until the 15th, when the storm dissipated near Port Hedland. Thelma was responsible for moderate rainfall and downed trees, but caused no casualties due to the sparse population of where it hit.Tropical Low
On 3 December, an area of concentrated convection developed from a monsoon trough over the Indian Ocean. The next day RSMC La Reunion issued one advisory on this system, labeling it "A3". Over the next few days the area drifted eastward into the Australian region and slowly organized. The warning center at Perth initiated bulletins on the tropical low on 7 December when the system was located 175 nm west-northwest of Cocos Island. The low remained essentially stationary for the next 48 hours while slowly weakening. Perth discontinued bulletins on the 8th, but continued to track the low for the next few days. The remnants of the low drifted eastward to a point about 150 nm north-northwest of Cocos. There is a significant possibility that this low is the same persistent one that developed into Tropical Cyclone Cathy.Tropical Cyclone Cathy
This storm developed near Cocos Island.Tropical Low
A tropical disturbance was first noted by JTWC over the Gulf of Carpentaria on 25 December. The system deepened as it moved slowly westward over the next two days. The disturbance continued to intensify over the Northern Territory, until it stalled over the border of Queensland for a couple of days. On 30 December the system moved over water and began to develop further, prompting TCWC Brisbane to issue a Tropical Cyclone Watch for portions of the southern Gulf coast. The low turned south-southeast shortly afterwards, and warnings were canceled when it became apparent that the center moved back inland. The system weakened over northwestern Queensland and dissipated on 2 January.The low brought heavy rains to the state of Queensland, with many centers reporting 24-hour totals over 150 mm. This rainfall activity was enhanced by an upper-level trough which brought showers as far south as Sydney on 1 January. Widespread flooding caused some of river systems which feed into Lake Eyre to reach flood stage. At least one death was indirectly attributed to the storm, when heavy rain and fog caused a car to drive off a road north of Brisbane.
Tropical Cyclone Olinda
Tropical Cyclone Olinda existed from 20 to 21 January.Severe Tropical Cyclone Damien–Birenda
Severe Tropical Cyclone Damien–Birenda existed from 21 to 28 January.Tropical Cyclone Pete
Tropical Cyclone Pete existed from 21 to 23 January.Tropical Low 16P
An elongated monsoon trough spread across northern Australia in late January. On 22 January the Joint Typhoon Warning Center began mentioning a disturbance in the Gulf of Carpentaria in their daily Tropical Weather Outlooks. The disturbance drifted eastward from the north of Arnhem Land into the northern Gulf. The TCWC at Darwin begin issuing warnings on 24 January and a cyclone watch was posted for portions of the southern Gulf Coast. JTWC issued a Formation Alert early that day and began issuing warnings on the 25th.The system drifted slowly in a south-southwesterly direction over the next couple of days. According to JTWC estimates, the system strengthened into a tropical storm at 1200 UTC on 25 January. Conditions deteriorated on 26 January when the system ran into some vertical wind shear and weakened. The JTWC noted that a second circulation appeared to the east of the warning position and that dry air entrainment had led to decreased organization of the depressions. When the low was about 125 nm east of Alyangula, Darwin issued the last gale warning, and ceased advices on the slow-moving system 24 hours later.
Tropical Low 18S
A tropical low numbered 18S existed from 31 January to 14 February.Severe Tropical Cyclone Rona
Rona formed in the Coral Sea and crossed the Queensland coast on 11 February causing major flooding between Cairns and Townsville with extensive crop damage. It eventually reformed into Severe Tropical Cyclone Frank in the South Pacific.Tropical Low 26S
A tropical low numbered 26S existed from 7 to 14 March.Severe Tropical Cyclone Elaine
Making landfall on 20 March, this cyclone devastated the small town of Moora, where houses and commercial properties in the town were inundated by the floodwaters and approximately 1000 people were evacuated.Severe Tropical Cyclone Vance
A tropical depression formed in the Timor Sea on 16 March 1999. The storm lingered before being upgraded to cyclone status and was named Vance. By 19 March, Cyclone Vance had reached Category 3 status as it neared the Australian coast. On 20 March, Vance became a Category 5 Australian cyclone as it made landfall near Exmouth. Moving southward, the interaction with land weakened Vance and by 24 March, the storm dissipated before reaching Victoria, Australia.Vance caused significant flooding and property damage but there were no deaths.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Vance devastated the northwest town of Exmouth. A measured wind gust of 267 km/h, recorded at 11.50 am 22 March, at Learmonth Meteorological Office, is the highest wind speed ever recorded on mainland Australia. The Bureau's Regional Director Len Broadbridge said that Vance was one of the most severe cyclones in Australia's history. "The wind speeds experienced at Exmouth are possibly the strongest experienced by an Australian town or city in recorded history."