Cyathea
Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.
The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.
Description
The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.
The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.
Classification
Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris. Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.
Species
, World Ferns accepted the following species:Cyathea abbreviata I.FernaldCyathea abrapatriciana Lehnert & A.TejedorCyathea acantha LehnertCyathea acutidens DominCyathea aemula LehnertCyathea affinis Sw.Cyathea akawaiorum P.J.EdwardsCyathea alata Copel.Cyathea alatissima LehnertCyathea alfonsiana L.D.GómezCyathea alsophiloides S.Maciel & LehnertCyathea alstonii R.M.TryonCyathea amabilis LehnertCyathea andaquiensis Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.RodríguezCyathea andicola DominCyathea andina DominCyathea angelica A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea antioquensis A.RojasCyathea arborea Sm.Cyathea aristata DominCyathea armata DominCyathea arnecornelii LehnertCyathea ars LehnertCyathea aspera Sw.Cyathea asplenioides Christenh.Cyathea assurgens R.M.TryonCyathea atahuallpa LellingerCyathea aterrima DominCyathea atrocastanea Labiak & F.B.MatosCyathea atrovirens DominCyathea aurea KlotzschCyathea austroamericana DominCyathea austropallescens LehnertCyathea axillaris LellingerCyathea azuayensis SodiroCyathea barringtonii A.R.Sm. ex LellingerCyathea bella DominCyathea bettinae LehnertCyathea bicrenata Liebm.Cyathea biliranensis Copel.Cyathea bipinnata R.C.MoranCyathea bipinnatifida DominCyathea boconensis H.Karst.Cyathea borinquena DominCyathea boryana DominCyathea bradei LellingerCyathea brucei LehnertCyathea brunnescens R.C.MoranCyathea calamitatis LehnertCyathea callejasii Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea caracasana DominCyathea cardenasii Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.RodríguezCyathea carolihenrici LehnertCyathea carolinae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea catacampta AlstonCyathea catenata Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.RodríguezCyathea cervantesiana A.RojasCyathea chimaera Lehnert & A.TejedorCyathea chimborazensis Hieron.Cyathea chiricana DominCyathea chocoensis LehnertCyathea chontilla LehnertCyathea choricarpa DominCyathea cicatricosa HolttumCyathea cisandina A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea clandestina Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea cnemidaria LehnertCyathea cocleana LehnertCyathea coloradoana Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.RodríguezCyathea concinna JenmanCyathea concordia B.León & R.C.MoranCyathea conformis StolzeCyathea conjugata DominCyathea conquisita JenmanCyathea consimilis LehnertCyathea convergens LehnertCyathea corallifera SodiroCyathea corcovadensis DominCyathea costaricensis DominCyathea croftii HolttumCyathea cruciata LehnertCyathea ctenitoides Christenh.Cyathea cumingii BakerCyathea cyatheoides K.U.KramerCyathea cyclodium LellingerCyathea cylindrica S.Maciel & LehnertCyathea cystolepis SodiroCyathea darienensis R.C.MoranCyathea decomposita DominCyathea decorata R.M.TryonCyathea decurrens Copel.Cyathea decurrentiloba DominCyathea dejecta Christenh.Cyathea delgadii Pohl ex Sternb.Cyathea demissa A.R.Sm. ex LellingerCyathea diabolica LehnertCyathea dichromatolepis DominCyathea dintelmannii LehnertCyathea dissimilis StolzeCyathea dissoluta BakerCyathea divergens KunzeCyathea dombeyi LellingerCyathea dudleyi R.M.TryonCyathea dyeri SodiroCyathea ebenina H.Karst.Cyathea eggersii Hieron.Cyathea elliottii DominCyathea epaleata HolttumCyathea estelae ProctorCyathea estevesorum A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea ewanii AlstonCyathea falcata DominCyathea feeana DominCyathea flava Christenh.Cyathea frigida DominCyathea fulva FéeCyathea gibbosa DominCyathea giraldoi A.Tejedor, G.Calat., Lehnert, W.D.Rodr. & M.KesslerCyathea glandulifera LehnertCyathea glaziovii DominCyathea godmanii DominCyathea gracilis Griseb.Cyathea grandifolia Willd.Cyathea grantii Copel.Cyathea grata DominCyathea gratissima A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea grayumii A.RojasCyathea guentheriana LehnertCyathea harrisii Underw.Cyathea haughtii R.M.TryonCyathea hemiepiphytica R.C.MoranCyathea herzogii Rosenst.Cyathea hierbabuena A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea hirsuta C.PreslCyathea hirsutissima DominCyathea hodgeana ProctorCyathea holdridgeana Nisman & L.D.GómezCyathea horrida Sm.Cyathea howeana DominCyathea hymenophylloides Christenh.Cyathea iheringii DominCyathea impar R.M.TryonCyathea incognita Christenh.Cyathea indefinita S.Maciel & J.PradoCyathea jacobsii HolttumCyathea jamaicensis JenmanCyathea kalbreyeri DominCyathea karsteniana DominCyathea kessleriana Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea lasiosora DominCyathea latevagans DominCyathea lechleri Mett.Cyathea lehnertii A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea lellingeriana S.Maciel & J.PradoCyathea leoniae M.E.Acuña & HuamánCyathea leucofolis DominCyathea leucolepismata AlstonCyathea liesneri A.R.Sm.Cyathea lindeniana C.PreslCyathea lindigii DominCyathea longipetiolulata A.Rojas & A.TejedorCyathea macrocarpa DominCyathea macrosora DominCyathea margarita LehnertCyathea marginalis DominCyathea mexiae Copel.Cyathea microdonta DominCyathea microphylla Mett.Cyathea microphyllodes DominCyathea miersii DominCyathea minima S.Maciel & J.PradoCyathea minuta J.Murillo & M.T.MurilloCyathea monteagudoi A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea moranii LehnertCyathea mucilagina R.C.MoranCyathea multiflora Sm.Cyathea multisegmenta R.M.TryonCyathea mutica DominCyathea myriotricha R.C.Moran & J.PradoCyathea nanna LellingerCyathea neblinae A.R.Sm.Cyathea nephele LehnertCyathea nervosa LehnertCyathea nesiotica DominCyathea nigripes DominCyathea nodulifera R.C.MoranCyathea notabilis DominCyathea novoi A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea oblonga DominCyathea obnoxia LehnertCyathea obtusa DominCyathea oreopteroides Lehnert & A.TejedorCyathea oscarorum A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea pacis F.Giraldo, W.Rodríguez & A.TejedorCyathea palaciosii R.C.MoranCyathea pallescens DominCyathea parvifolia SodiroCyathea parvula ProctorCyathea patens hort. ex Houlston & MooreCyathea pauciflora LellingerCyathea paucifolia DominCyathea peladensis DominCyathea pendula JenmanCyathea petiolata R.M.TryonCyathea phalaenolepis Domin DominCyathea phalerata Mart.Cyathea phegopteroides DominCyathea phoenix A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea pholidota Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea pibyae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea pilosissima DominCyathea pilozana M.T. & J.MurilloCyathea pinnula R.C.MoranCyathea planadae Arens & A.R.Sm.Cyathea platylepis DominCyathea plicata LehnertCyathea poeppigii DominCyathea polliculi LehnertCyathea povedae A.RojasCyathea praeceps A.R.Sm.Cyathea praecincta DominCyathea praetermissa LehnertCyathea pseudoctenitoides S.Maciel & J.PradoCyathea pseudonanna LellingerCyathea puberula SodiroCyathea punctata R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.Cyathea pungens DominCyathea recondita A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea rengifoi Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea retanae A.RojasCyathea robertsiana DominCyathea rocioae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea rodriguezii Lehnert & F.GiraldoCyathea rojasiana LehnertCyathea roraimensis DominCyathea rufa LellingerCyathea rufescens DominCyathea ruiziana KlotzschCyathea ruttenbergiae A.Tejedor & F.ArecesCyathea sagittifolia DominCyathea scabra BakerCyathea schiedeana DominCyathea schlimii DominCyathea serpens LehnertCyathea setchellii Copel.Cyathea simplex R.M.TryonCyathea singularis LehnertCyathea sipapoensis LellingerCyathea sledgei Ranil, Pushpak. & Fraser-Jenk.Cyathea speciosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.Cyathea spectabilis DominCyathea squamata DominCyathea squamipes H.KarstCyathea squamulosa R.C.MoranCyathea squarrosa DominCyathea srilankensis RanilCyathea steyermarkii R.M.TryonCyathea stokesii N.Hallé & FlorenceCyathea stolzeana LehnertCyathea stolzei A.R.Sm. ex LellingerCyathea straminea H.Karst.Cyathea strigillosa DominCyathea subincisa DominCyathea subindusiata DominCyathea subtropica DominCyathea sunduei LehnertCyathea suprapilosa LehnertCyathea suprastrigosa MaxonCyathea surinamensis DominCyathea sylvatica LehnertCyathea tatei S.Maciel, R.Y.Hirai & J.PradoCyathea tejedoris Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.RodríguezCyathea tenera MooreCyathea tepuiana Christenh.Cyathea thelypteroides A.R.Sm.Cyathea thysanolepis A.R.Sm.Cyathea toroi Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.TejedorCyathea tortuosa R.C.MoranCyathea traillii DominCyathea trichomanoides Christenh.Cyathea tryonorum LellingerCyathea tuerckheimii MaxonCyathea uleana LehnertCyathea universitatis Christenh.Cyathea ursina LellingerCyathea valliciergoana A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea varians LehnertCyathea vaupensis LehnertCyathea venezuelensis A.R.Sm. ex LellingerCyathea vilhelmii DominCyathea villosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.Cyathea weatherbyana C.V.MortonCyathea wendlandii DominCyathea werffii R.C.MoranCyathea whitmeei BakerCyathea williamsii DominCyathea windischiana A.R.Sm.Cyathea xerica A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea yambrasensis A.Tejedor & G.Calat.Cyathea zongoensis Lehnert
Extinct species