Hulusi


[Image:Hu Lu Si.jpg|thumb|right|240px|A hulusi]
[Image:Reed of hulusi.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The free reed of a hulusi]
The, also known as the cucurbit flute and the gourd flute, is a free reed wind instrument from China, Vietnam, and the Shan State, played also by the indigenous people of Assam. It is held vertically and has three bamboo pipes that pass through a Calabash gourd wind chest; the center pipe has finger holes and the outer two are typically drone pipes. It is not uncommon for a to have only one drone pipe while the second outer pipe is merely ornamental. The drone pipe has a finger hole which allows it to be stopped. Advanced configurations have keyed finger holes similar to a clarinet or oboe, which can greatly extend the range of the to several octaves.
The was originally used primarily in the Shan State of Myanmar, Yunnan province in southwest China, and Assam in northeastern India by a number of ethnic-minority groups, in particular the Dai people who call the instrument "pi lamtao" ; the word means "woodwind instrument," and the word comes from, meaning "gourd." Additionally, the Achang call it, the De'ang call it ', and the Wa call it .
The has gained nationwide popularity throughout China and is also used by various indigenous ethnic groups of Assam; similar to the popularity of the harmonica in the West, and "improved" versions have been produced outside the indigenous realms. In Vietnam, the instrument is referred to as the sáo bầu, which means "gourd flute." Like the related free reed pipe called, the has a very pure, mellow clarinet-like sound.
A similar instrument called is a mouth organ with a gourd wind chest.

Etymology

The instrument's name comes from the Mandarin Chinese word, meaning "Calabash gourd," and, meaning "silk". The instrument is called in the Dai language of Dehong and "pi namtao" in Lue language, Khun language, Yuan language, Lao language and Thai language. It is also called Huluxi in Assam.

Performers

Although the is still predominantly performed in Yunnan, Shan State and Assam it has in recent years been adopted by European composers and performers. Rohan Leach and Jack Reddick from England, Raphaël De Cock from Belgium, Sara Bentes from Brazil, Nadishana from Russia and Herman Witkam from the Netherlands have all taken the instrument in new directions.